oracle進階之connect by筆記


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  connect by 用於存在父子,祖孫,上下級等層級關系的數據表進行層級查詢。

  語法格式:
    { CONNECT BY [ NOCYCLE ] condition [AND condition]... [ START WITH condition ]
    | START WITH condition CONNECT BY [ NOCYCLE ] condition [AND condition]...
    }

  特殊詞講解

    start with: 指定起始節點的條件

    connect by: 指定父子行的條件關系

    prior: 查詢父行的限定符,格式: prior column1 = column2 or column1 = prior column2 and ... ,

    nocycle: 若數據表中存在循環行,那么不添加此關鍵字會報錯,添加關鍵字后,便不會報錯,但循環的兩行只會顯示其中的第一條

    循環行: 該行只有一個子行,而且子行又是該行的祖先行

    connect_by_iscycle: 前置條件:在使用了nocycle之后才能使用此關鍵字,用於表示是否是循環行,0表示否,1 表示是

    connect_by_isleaf: 是否是葉子節點,0表示否,1 表示是

    level: level偽列,表示層級,值越小層級越高,level=1為層級最高節點

  自定義數據:

-- 創建表
create table employee(
       emp_id number(18),
       lead_id number(18),
       emp_name varchar2(200),
       salary number(10,2),
       dept_no varchar2(8)
);

-- 添加數據
insert into employee values('1',0,'king','1000000.00','001');
insert into employee values('2',1,'jack','50500.00','002');
insert into employee values('3',1,'arise','60000.00','003');
insert into employee values('4',2,'scott','30000.00','002');
insert into employee values('5',2,'tiger','25000.00','002');
insert into employee values('6',3,'wudde','23000.00','003');
insert into employee values('7',3,'joker','21000.00','003');commit;

 

  數據列表展示:

  

  數據樹形展示:

  

  (1) 查詢以emp_id為0開始的節點的所有直屬節點

     select emp_id,lead_id,emp_name,prior emp_name as lead_name,salary
     from employee
     start with  lead_id=0
     connect by prior emp_id =  lead_id 

  -- 等同於

   select emp_id,lead_id,emp_name,prior emp_name as lead_name,salary
     from employee
     start with  emp_id=1
     connect by prior emp_id =  lead_id

  

  (2) 以emp_id為6的所有祖先節點

       select emp_id,lead_id,emp_name,salary
       from employee 
       start with emp_id=6
       connect by prior lead_id=emp_id;

  (3) 查詢一個節點的叔叔伯父節點

       with t as (
       select  employee.*,prior emp_name,level le
       from employee 
       start with lead_id = 0
       connect by lead_id=prior emp_id
       )
       select *
       from t 
       left join t tt on tt.emp_id=6
       where t.le = (tt.le-1)
       and t.emp_id not in (tt.lead_id)    

  (4) 查詢族兄

       with t as (
            select employee.*,prior emp_name,level le
           from employee 
           start with lead_id=0
           connect by lead_id= prior emp_id
       )
       select t.*
       from t  t
       left join t tt on tt.emp_id=6
       where t.le=tt.le and t.emp_id<>6;

  (5) level偽列的使用,格式化層級

       select lpad(' ',level*2,' ')||emp_name as name,emp_id,lead_id,salary,level
       from employee
       start with lead_id=0
       connect by prior emp_id=lead_id

  level數值越低級別越高

 

  (6) connect_by_root 查找根節點

       select connect_by_root emp_name,emp_name,lead_id,salary
       from employee  
       where dept_no='002'
       start with lead_id=1
       connect by  prior emp_id = lead_id;

  (7) 標注循環行

       -- 插入一條數據,與另一條emp_id=7的數據組成循環行
       insert into employee values('3',7,'joker_cycle','21000.00','003');
       commit;
       -- connect_by_iscycle("CYCLE"), connect by nocycle
       select emp_id,emp_name,lead_id,salary,connect_by_iscycle as cycle 
       from employee 
       start with lead_id=0
       connect by nocycle prior emp_id = lead_id;

 

  (8) connect_by_isleaf 是否是葉子節點

       select emp_id,emp_name,lead_id,salary,connect_by_isleaf
       from employee
       start with lead_id=0
       connect by nocycle prior emp_id=lead_id;

 

 

 

 

 

  

  

 

    


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