Python 學習 - 可視化數據操作（一）
GitHub：https://github.com/liqingwen2015/my_data_view
目錄
- 折線圖
- 散點圖
- 隨機漫步
- 骰子點數概率
- 文件目錄
折線圖
cube_squares.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x_values=list(range(1, 5000)) y_values=[pow(x, 3) for x in x_values] plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, c=y_values, cmap=plt.cm.Blues, edgecolor='none', s=40) # 設置標題和樣式 plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=24) plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14) plt.ylabel("Square of Value", fontsize=14) # 設置刻度標記的大小 plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14) plt.show()
mpl_squares.py
# 簡單的折線圖
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt input_values=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ] squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25] # 繪制線條的粗細 plt.plot(input_values, squares, linewidth=5) # 設置圖表標題，並給坐標軸加上標簽 plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=24) plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14) plt.ylabel("Square of Value", fontsize=14) # 設置刻度標記的大小，axis='both' 表示指定的實參影響 x 軸和 y 軸上的刻度 plt.tick_params(axis='both', labelsize=14) plt.show()
散點圖
scatter_squares.py
# 散點圖 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x_values = list(range(1, 1001)) y_values = [x**2 for x in x_values] # c：顏色 #plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, c='red', edgecolor='none', s=40) #plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, c=(0, 0, 8), edgecolor='none', s=40) plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, c=y_values, cmap=plt.cm.Blues, edgecolor='none', s=40) # 設置標題和樣式 plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=24) plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14) plt.ylabel("Square of Value", fontsize=14) # 設置刻度標記的大小 plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14) plt.show() # 保存圖表 #plt.savefig('squared_plot.png', bbox_inches='tight')
隨機漫步
random_walk.py
from random import choice class RandomWalk(): def __init__(self, num_points=5000): # 初始化隨機漫步的屬性 self.num_points = num_points # 所有隨機漫步都始於(0, 0) self.x_values = [0] self.y_values = [0] def fill_walk(self): # 不斷漫步，直到列表達到指定的長度 while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points: x_step = self.get_step(); y_step = self.get_step(); # 拒絕原地踏步 if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0: continue # 計算下一個點的 x 和 y 值 next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step self.x_values.append(next_x) self.y_values.append(next_y) def get_step(self): # 決定前進方向以及沿這個方向前進的距離 direction = choice([1, -1]) # 隨機選 1 或 -1 distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]) # 隨機選 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 return direction * distance # 正數：右移，負數：左移
rw_visual.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from 隨機漫步.random_walk import RandomWalk while True: # 創建一個 RandomWalk 實例，並將其包含的點都繪制出來 rw = RandomWalk(5000) rw.fill_walk() point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points)) plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, c=point_numbers, cmap=plt.cm.Blues, edgecolors='none', s=1) # 設置繪圖窗口的尺寸 #plt.figure(dpi=128, figsize=(10, 6)) # 突出起點和終點 plt.scatter(0, 0, c='green', edgecolors='none', s=100) plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1], rw.y_values[-1], c='red', edgecolors='none', s=100) #plt.plot(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, linewidth=10) # 隱藏坐標軸 plt.axes().get_xaxis().set_visible(False) plt.axes().get_yaxis().set_visible(False) plt.show() keep_running = input("繼續？（y/n）：") if keep_running == 'n': break
骰子點數概率
die.py
from random import randint class Die(): # 表示一個骰子類 def __init__(self, num_sides=6): # 6 面 self.num_sides = num_sides def roll(self): # 返回 1~6 return randint(1, self.num_sides)
die_visual.py
import pygal from 骰子.die import Die # 創建一個 D6 die = Die() results = [] for roll_num in range(1000): result = die.roll() results.append(result) frequencies = [] for value in range(1, die.num_sides+1): # 計算某個值出現同樣的次數 frequency = results.count(value) frequencies.append(frequency) # 對結果進行可視化 hist = pygal.Bar() hist.title = "D6 1000次：" hist.x_labels = [str(num) for num in range(1, 7)] #['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6'] hist.x_title = "結果" hist.y_title = "概率" hist.add('D6', frequencies) hist.render_to_file('images/die_visual.svg')
dice_visual.py
import pygal from 骰子.die import Die # 創建 2 個 D6 die_1 = Die() die_2 = Die() results = [] for roll_num in range(1000): result = die_1.roll() + die_2.roll() results.append(result) frequencies = [] max_results = die_1.num_sides + die_2.num_sides for value in range(2, max_results+1): # 計算某個值出現同樣的次數 frequency = results.count(value) frequencies.append(frequency) # 對結果進行可視化 hist = pygal.Bar() hist.title = "D6 100次：" hist.x_labels = [str(num) for num in range(1, 13)] #['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12'] hist.x_title = "結果" hist.y_title = "出現的次數" hist.add('D6 + D6', frequencies) hist.render_to_file('images/dice_visual.svg')
different_dice.py
import pygal from 骰子.die import Die # 創建一個 D6 和 D10 die_1 = Die() die_2 = Die(10) results = [] for roll_num in range(5000): result = die_1.roll() + die_2.roll() results.append(result) frequencies = [] max_results = die_1.num_sides + die_2.num_sides for value in range(2, max_results+1): # 計算某個值出現同樣的次數 frequency = results.count(value) frequencies.append(frequency) # 對結果進行可視化 hist = pygal.Bar() hist.title = "5000 次：D6 + D10 的結果。" hist.x_labels = [str(num) for num in range(2, 17)] hist.x_title = "結果" hist.y_title = "重復出現的次數" hist.add('D6 + D10', frequencies) hist.render_to_file('images/different_visual.svg')
文件目錄
