ABP入門系列目錄——學習Abp框架之實操演練
源碼路徑:Github-LearningMpaAbp
1. 引言
上一節我們講解了如何創建微信公眾號模塊,這一節我們就繼續跟進,來講一講公眾號模塊如何與系統進行交互。
微信公眾號模塊作為一個獨立的web模塊部署,要想與現有的【任務清單】進行交互,我們要想明白以下幾個問題:
- 如何進行交互?
ABP模板項目中默認創建了webapi項目,其動態webapi技術允許我們直接訪問appservice作為webapi而不用在webapi層編寫額外的代碼。所以,自然而然我們要通過webapi與系統進行交互。 - 通過webapi與系統進行交互,如何確保安全?
我們知道暴露的webapi如果不加以授權控制,就如同在大街上裸奔。所以在訪問webapi時,我們需要通過身份認證來確保安全訪問。 - 都有哪幾種身份認證方式?
第一種就是大家熟知的cookie認證方式;
第二種就是token認證方式:在訪問webapi之前,先要向目標系統申請令牌(token),申請到令牌后,再使用令牌訪問webapi。Abp默認提供了這種方式;
第三種是基於OAuth2.0的token認證方式:OAuth2.0是什么玩意?建議先看看OAuth2.0 知多少以便我們后續內容的展開。OAuth2.0認證方式彌補了Abp自帶token認證的短板,即無法進行token刷新。
基於這一節,我完善了一個demo,大家可以直接訪問http://shengjietest.azurewebsites.net/進行體驗。

下面我們就以【通過webapi請求用戶列表】為例看一看三種認證方式的具體實現。
2. Cookie認證方式
Cookie認證方式的原理就是:在訪問webapi之前,通過登錄目標系統建立連接,將cookie寫入本地。下一次訪問webapi的時候攜帶cookie信息就可以完成認證。
2.1. 登錄目標系統
這一步簡單,我們僅需提供用戶名密碼,Post一個登錄請求即可。
我們在微信模塊中創建一個WeixinController:
public class WeixinController : Controller
{
private readonly IAbpWebApiClient _abpWebApiClient;
private string baseUrl = "http://shengjie.azurewebsites.net/";
private string loginUrl = "/account/login";
private string webapiUrl = "/api/services/app/User/GetUsers";
private string abpTokenUrl = "/api/Account/Authenticate";
private string oAuthTokenUrl = "/oauth/token";
private string user = "admin";
private string pwd = "123qwe";
public WeixinController()
{
_abpWebApiClient = new AbpWebApiClient();
}
}
其中IAbpWebApiClient是對HttpClient的封裝,用於發送 HTTP 請求和接收HTTP 響應。
下面添加CookieBasedAuth方法,來完成登錄認證,代碼如下:
public async Task CookieBasedAuth()
{
Uri uri = new Uri(baseUrl + loginUrl);
var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.None, UseCookies = true };
using (var client = new HttpClient(handler))
{
client.BaseAddress = uri;
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"TenancyName", "Default"},
{"UsernameOrEmailAddress", user},
{"Password", pwd }
});
//獲取token保存到cookie,並設置token的過期日期
var result = await client.PostAsync(uri, content);
string loginResult = await result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
var getCookies = handler.CookieContainer.GetCookies(uri);
foreach (Cookie cookie in getCookies)
{
_abpWebApiClient.Cookies.Add(cookie);
}
}
}
這段代碼中有幾個點需要注意:
- 指定
HttpClientHandler屬性UseCookie = true,使用Cookie; client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));用來指定接受的返回值;- 使用
FormUrlEncodedContent進行傳參; - 使用
var getCookies = handler.CookieContainer.GetCookies(uri);獲取返回的Cookie,並添加到_abpWebApiClient.Cookies的集合中,以便下次直接攜帶cookie信息訪問webapi。
2.2. 攜帶cookie訪問webapi
服務器返回的cookie信息在登錄成功后已經填充到_abpWebApiClient.Cookies中,我們只需post一個請求到目標api即可。
public async Task<PartialViewResult> SendRequestBasedCookie()
{
await CookieBasedAuth();
return await GetUserList(baseUrl + webapiUrl);
}
private async Task<PartialViewResult> GetUserList(string url)
{
try
{
var users = await _abpWebApiClient.PostAsync<ListResultDto<UserListDto>>(url);
return PartialView("_UserListPartial", users.Items);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
ViewBag.ErrorMessage = e.Message;
}
return null;
}
3. Token認證方式
Abp默認提供的token認證方式,很簡單,我們僅需要post一個請求到/api/Account/Authenticate即可請求到token。然后使用token即可請求目標webapi。
但這其中有一個問題就是,如果token過期,就必須使用用戶名密碼重寫申請token,體驗不好。
3.1. 請求token
public async Task<string> GetAbpToken()
{
var tokenResult = await _abpWebApiClient.PostAsync<string>(baseUrl + abpTokenUrl, new
{
TenancyName = "Default",
UsernameOrEmailAddress = user,
Password = pwd
});
this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("access_token", tokenResult));
return tokenResult;
}
這段代碼中我們將請求到token直接寫入到cookie中。以便我們下次直接從cookie中取回token直接訪問webapi。
3.2. 使用token訪問webapi
從cookie中取回token,在請求頭中添加Authorization = Bearer token,即可。
public async Task<PartialViewResult> SendRequest()
{
var token = Request.Cookies["access_token"]?.Value;
//將token添加到請求頭
_abpWebApiClient.RequestHeaders.Add(new NameValue("Authorization", "Bearer " + token));
return await GetUserList(baseUrl + webapiUrl);
}
這里面需要注意的是,abp中配置app.UseOAuthBearerAuthentication(AccountController.OAuthBearerOptions);使用的是Bearer token,所以我們在請求weiapi時,要在請求頭中假如Authorization信息時,使用Bearer token的格式傳輸token信息(Bearer后有一個空格!)。
4. OAuth2.0 Token認證方式
OAuth2.0提供了token刷新機制,當服務器頒發的token過期后,我們可以直接通過refresh_token來申請token即可,不需要用戶再錄入用戶憑證申請token。
4.1. Abp集成OAuth2.0
在WebApi項目中的Api路徑下創建Providers文件夾,添加SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider和SimpleRefreshTokenProvider類。
其中SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider用來驗證客戶端的用戶名和密碼來頒發token;SimpleRefreshTokenProvider用來刷新token。
public class SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider : OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider, ITransientDependency
{
private readonly LogInManager _logInManager;
public SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider(LogInManager logInManager)
{
_logInManager = logInManager;
}
public override Task ValidateClientAuthentication(OAuthValidateClientAuthenticationContext context)
{
string clientId;
string clientSecret;
if (!context.TryGetBasicCredentials(out clientId, out clientSecret))
{
context.TryGetFormCredentials(out clientId, out clientSecret);
}
var isValidClient = string.CompareOrdinal(clientId, "app") == 0 &&
string.CompareOrdinal(clientSecret, "app") == 0;
if (isValidClient)
{
context.OwinContext.Set("as:client_id", clientId);
context.Validated(clientId);
}
else
{
context.SetError("invalid client");
}
return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
}
public override async Task GrantResourceOwnerCredentials(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context)
{
var tenantId = context.Request.Query["tenantId"];
var result = await GetLoginResultAsync(context, context.UserName, context.Password, tenantId);
if (result.Result == AbpLoginResultType.Success)
{
//var claimsIdentity = result.Identity;
var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(result.Identity);
claimsIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, context.UserName));
var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(claimsIdentity, new AuthenticationProperties());
context.Validated(ticket);
}
}
public override Task GrantRefreshToken(OAuthGrantRefreshTokenContext context)
{
var originalClient = context.OwinContext.Get<string>("as:client_id");
var currentClient = context.ClientId;
// enforce client binding of refresh token
if (originalClient != currentClient)
{
context.Rejected();
return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
}
// chance to change authentication ticket for refresh token requests
var newId = new ClaimsIdentity(context.Ticket.Identity);
newId.AddClaim(new Claim("newClaim", "refreshToken"));
var newTicket = new AuthenticationTicket(newId, context.Ticket.Properties);
context.Validated(newTicket);
return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
}
private async Task<AbpLoginResult<Tenant, User>> GetLoginResultAsync(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context,
string usernameOrEmailAddress, string password, string tenancyName)
{
var loginResult = await _logInManager.LoginAsync(usernameOrEmailAddress, password, tenancyName);
switch (loginResult.Result)
{
case AbpLoginResultType.Success:
return loginResult;
default:
CreateExceptionForFailedLoginAttempt(context, loginResult.Result, usernameOrEmailAddress, tenancyName);
//throw CreateExceptionForFailedLoginAttempt(context,loginResult.Result, usernameOrEmailAddress, tenancyName);
return loginResult;
}
}
private void CreateExceptionForFailedLoginAttempt(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context,
AbpLoginResultType result, string usernameOrEmailAddress, string tenancyName)
{
switch (result)
{
case AbpLoginResultType.Success:
throw new ApplicationException("Don't call this method with a success result!");
case AbpLoginResultType.InvalidUserNameOrEmailAddress:
case AbpLoginResultType.InvalidPassword:
context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("InvalidUserNameOrPassword"));
break;
// return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), ("InvalidUserNameOrPassword"));
case AbpLoginResultType.InvalidTenancyName:
context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("ThereIsNoTenantDefinedWithName", tenancyName));
break;
// return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), string.Format("ThereIsNoTenantDefinedWithName{0}", tenancyName));
case AbpLoginResultType.TenantIsNotActive:
context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("TenantIsNotActive", tenancyName));
break;
// return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), string.Format("TenantIsNotActive {0}", tenancyName));
case AbpLoginResultType.UserIsNotActive:
context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("UserIsNotActiveAndCanNotLogin", usernameOrEmailAddress));
break;
// return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), string.Format("UserIsNotActiveAndCanNotLogin {0}", usernameOrEmailAddress));
case AbpLoginResultType.UserEmailIsNotConfirmed:
context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("UserEmailIsNotConfirmedAndCanNotLogin"));
break;
// return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), ("UserEmailIsNotConfirmedAndCanNotLogin"));
//default: //Can not fall to default actually. But other result types can be added in the future and we may forget to handle it
// //Logger.Warn("Unhandled login fail reason: " + result);
// return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"));
}
}
private static string L(string name, params object[] args)
{
//return new LocalizedString(name);
return IocManager.Instance.Resolve<ILocalizationService>().L(name, args);
}
}
public class SimpleRefreshTokenProvider : IAuthenticationTokenProvider, ITransientDependency
{
private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, AuthenticationTicket> _refreshTokens = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, AuthenticationTicket>();
public Task CreateAsync(AuthenticationTokenCreateContext context)
{
var guid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
// maybe only create a handle the first time, then re-use for same client
// copy properties and set the desired lifetime of refresh token
var refreshTokenProperties = new AuthenticationProperties(context.Ticket.Properties.Dictionary)
{
IssuedUtc = context.Ticket.Properties.IssuedUtc,
ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddYears(1)
};
var refreshTokenTicket = new AuthenticationTicket(context.Ticket.Identity, refreshTokenProperties);
//_refreshTokens.TryAdd(guid, context.Ticket);
_refreshTokens.TryAdd(guid, refreshTokenTicket);
// consider storing only the hash of the handle
context.SetToken(guid);
return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
}
public Task ReceiveAsync(AuthenticationTokenReceiveContext context)
{
AuthenticationTicket ticket;
if (_refreshTokens.TryRemove(context.Token, out ticket))
{
context.SetTicket(ticket);
}
return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
}
public void Create(AuthenticationTokenCreateContext context)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public void Receive(AuthenticationTokenReceiveContext context)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
以上兩段代碼我就不做過多解釋,請自行走讀。
緊接着我們在Api目錄下創建OAuthOptions類用來配置OAuth認證。
public class OAuthOptions
{
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the server options.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The server options.</value>
private static OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions _serverOptions;
/// <summary>
/// Creates the server options.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions.</returns>
public static OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions CreateServerOptions()
{
if (_serverOptions == null)
{
var provider = IocManager.Instance.Resolve<SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider>();
var refreshTokenProvider = IocManager.Instance.Resolve<SimpleRefreshTokenProvider>();
_serverOptions = new OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions
{
TokenEndpointPath = new PathString("/oauth/token"),
Provider = provider,
RefreshTokenProvider = refreshTokenProvider,
AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),
AllowInsecureHttp = true
};
}
return _serverOptions;
}
}
從中我們可以看出,主要配置了以下幾個屬性:
- TokenEndpointPath :用來指定請求token的路由;
- Provider:用來指定創建token的Provider;
- RefreshTokenProvider:用來指定刷新token的Provider;
- AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan :用來指定token過期時間,這里我們指定了30s,是為了demo 如何刷新token。
- AllowInsecureHttp:用來指定是否允許http連接。
創建上面三個類之后,我們需要回到Web項目的Startup類中,配置使用集成的OAuth2.0,代碼如下:
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
//第一步:配置跨域訪問
app.UseCors(CorsOptions.AllowAll);
app.UseOAuthBearerAuthentication(AccountController.OAuthBearerOptions);
//第二步:使用OAuth密碼認證模式
app.UseOAuthAuthorizationServer(OAuthOptions.CreateServerOptions());
//第三步:使用Abp
app.UseAbp();
//省略其他代碼
}
其中配置跨越訪問時,我們需要安裝Microsoft.Owin.CorsNuget包。
至此,Abp集成OAuth的工作完成了。
4.2. 申請OAuth token
我們在Abp集成OAuth配置的申請token的路由是/oauth/token,所以我們將用戶憑證post到這個路由即可申請token:
public async Task<string> GetOAuth2Token()
{
Uri uri = new Uri(baseUrl + oAuthTokenUrl);
var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.None };
using (var client = new HttpClient(handler))
{
client.BaseAddress = uri;
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"grant_type", "password"},
{"username", user },
{"password", pwd },
{"client_id", "app" },
{"client_secret", "app"},
});
//獲取token保存到cookie,並設置token的過期日期
var result = await client.PostAsync(uri, content);
string tokenResult = await result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
var tokenObj = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(tokenResult);
string token = tokenObj["access_token"].ToString();
string refreshToken = tokenObj["refresh_token"].ToString();
long expires = Convert.ToInt64(tokenObj["expires_in"]);
this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("access_token", token));
this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("refresh_token", refreshToken));
this.Response.Cookies["access_token"].Expires = Clock.Now.AddSeconds(expires);
return tokenResult;
}
}
在這段代碼中我們指定的grant_type = password,這說明我們使用的是OAuth提供的密碼認證模式。其中{"client_id", "app" }, {"client_secret", "app"}(搞過微信公眾號開發的應該對這個很熟悉)用來指定客戶端的身份和密鑰,這邊我們直接寫死。
通過OAuth的請求的token主要包含四部分:
- token:令牌
- refreshtoken:刷新令牌
- expires_in:token有效期
- token_type:令牌類型,我們這里是Bearer
為了演示方便,我們直接把token信息直接寫入到cookie中,實際項目中建議寫入數據庫。
4.3. 刷新token
如果我們的token過期了怎么辦,咱們可以用refresh_token來重新獲取token。
public async Task<string> GetOAuth2TokenByRefreshToken(string refreshToken)
{
Uri uri = new Uri(baseUrl + oAuthTokenUrl);
var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.None, UseCookies = true };
using (var client = new HttpClient(handler))
{
client.BaseAddress = uri;
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"grant_type", "refresh_token"},
{"refresh_token", refreshToken},
{"client_id", "app" },
{"client_secret", "app"},
});
//獲取token保存到cookie,並設置token的過期日期
var result = await client.PostAsync(uri, content);
string tokenResult = await result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
var tokenObj = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(tokenResult);
string token = tokenObj["access_token"].ToString();
string newRefreshToken = tokenObj["refresh_token"].ToString();
long expires = Convert.ToInt64(tokenObj["expires_in"]);
this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("access_token", token));
this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("refresh_token", newRefreshToken));
this.Response.Cookies["access_token"].Expires = Clock.Now.AddSeconds(expires);
return tokenResult;
}
}
這段代碼較直接使用用戶名密碼申請token的差別主要在參數上,{"grant_type", "refresh_token"},{"refresh_token", refreshToken}。
4.4. 使用token訪問webapi
有了token,訪問webapi就很簡單了。
public async Task<ActionResult> SendRequestWithOAuth2Token()
{
var token = Request.Cookies["access_token"]?.Value;
if (token == null)
{
//throw new Exception("token已過期");
string refreshToken = Request.Cookies["refresh_token"].Value;
var tokenResult = await GetOAuth2TokenByRefreshToken(refreshToken);
var tokenObj = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(tokenResult);
token = tokenObj["access_token"].ToString();
}
_abpWebApiClient.RequestHeaders.Add(new NameValue("Authorization", "Bearer " + token));
return await GetUserList(baseUrl + webapiUrl);
}
這段代碼中,我們首先從cookie中取回access_token,若access_token為空說明token過期,我們就從cookie中取回refresh_token重新申請token。然后構造一個Authorization將token信息添加到請求頭即可訪問目標webapi。
5. 總結
本文介紹了三種不同的認證方式進行訪問webapi,並舉例說明。文章不可能面面俱到,省略了部分代碼,請直接參考源碼。若有紕漏之處也歡迎大家留言指正。
本文主要參考自以下文章:
使用OAuth打造webapi認證服務供自己的客戶端使用
ABP中使用OAuth2(Resource Owner Password Credentials Grant模式)
Token Based Authentication using ASP.NET Web API 2, Owin, and Identity
