本文源程序下載：http://download.csdn.net/source/2444494
我的項目當中，考慮到安全性，需要為每個客戶端分發一個數字證書，同時使用數字證書中的公私鑰來進行數據的加解密。為了完成這個安全模塊，特寫了如下一個DEMO程序，該DEMO程序包含的功能有：
1：調用.NET2.0的MAKECERT創建含有私鑰的數字證書，並存儲到個人證書區；
2：將該證書導出為pfx文件，並為其指定一個用來打開pfx文件的password；
3：讀取pfx文件，導出pfx中公鑰和私鑰；
4：用pfx證書中的公鑰進行數據的加密，用私鑰進行數據的解密；
系統界面：
代碼如下：
/// <summary>
/// 將證書從證書存儲區導出，並存儲為pfx文件，同時為pfx文件指定打開的密碼
/// 本函數同時也演示如何用公鑰進行加密，私鑰進行解密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_toPfxFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
{
if (x509.Subject == "CN=luminji")
{
Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));
byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, "123");
using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("luminji.pfx", FileMode.Create))
{
// Write the data to the file, byte by byte.
for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++)
fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]);
// Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.
fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
// Read and verify the data.
for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)
{
if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())
{
Debug.Print("Error writing data.");
return;
}
}
fileStream.Close();
Debug.Print("The data was written to {0} " +
"and verified.", fileStream.Name);
}
string myname = "my name is luminji! and i love huzhonghua!";
string enStr = this.RSAEncrypt(x509.PublicKey.Key.ToXmlString(false), myname);
MessageBox.Show("密文是：" + enStr);
string deStr = this.RSADecrypt(x509.PrivateKey.ToXmlString(true), enStr);
MessageBox.Show("明文是：" + deStr);
}
}
store.Close();
store = null;
storecollection = null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 創建還有私鑰的證書
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_createPfx_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string MakeCert = "C://Program Files//Microsoft Visual Studio 8//SDK//v2.0//Bin//makecert.exe";
string x509Name = "CN=luminji";
string param = " -pe -ss my -n /"" + x509Name + "/" " ;
Process p = Process.Start(MakeCert, param);
p.WaitForExit();
p.Close();
MessageBox.Show("over");
}
/// <summary>
/// 從pfx文件讀取證書信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_readFromPfxFile(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
X509Certificate2 pc = new X509Certificate2("luminji.pfx", "123");
MessageBox.Show("name:" + pc.SubjectName.Name);
MessageBox.Show("public:" + pc.PublicKey.ToString());
MessageBox.Show("private:" + pc.PrivateKey.ToString());
pc = null;
}
/// <summary>
/// RSA解密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xmlPrivateKey"></param>
/// <param name="m_strDecryptString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string RSADecrypt(string xmlPrivateKey, string m_strDecryptString)
{
RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
provider.FromXmlString(xmlPrivateKey);
byte[] rgb = Convert.FromBase64String(m_strDecryptString);
byte[] bytes = provider.Decrypt(rgb, false);
return new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(bytes);
}
/// <summary>
/// RSA加密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xmlPublicKey"></param>
/// <param name="m_strEncryptString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string RSAEncrypt(string xmlPublicKey, string m_strEncryptString)
{
RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
provider.FromXmlString(xmlPublicKey);
byte[] bytes = new UnicodeEncoding().GetBytes(m_strEncryptString);
return Convert.ToBase64String(provider.Encrypt(bytes, false));
}
上文是一個示例程序，一個完整的證書工具類如下：
public sealed class DataCertificate
{
#region 生成證書
/// <summary>
/// 根據指定的證書名和makecert全路徑生成證書（包含公鑰和私鑰，並保存在MY存儲區）
/// </summary>
/// <param name="subjectName"></param>
/// <param name="makecertPath"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool CreateCertWithPrivateKey(string subjectName, string makecertPath)
{
subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
string param = " -pe -ss my -n /"" + subjectName + "/" ";
try
{
Process p = Process.Start(makecertPath, param);
p.WaitForExit();
p.Close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogRecord.putErrorLog(e.ToString(), "DataCerficate.CreateCertWithPrivateKey");
return false;
}
return true;
}
#endregion
#region 文件導入導出
/// <summary>
/// 從WINDOWS證書存儲區的個人MY區找到主題為subjectName的證書，
/// 並導出為pfx文件，同時為其指定一個密碼
/// 並將證書從個人區刪除(如果isDelFromstor為true)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="subjectName">證書主題，不包含CN=</param>
/// <param name="pfxFileName">pfx文件名</param>
/// <param name="password">pfx文件密碼</param>
/// <param name="isDelFromStore">是否從存儲區刪除</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool ExportToPfxFile(string subjectName, string pfxFileName,
string password, bool isDelFromStore)
{
subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
{
if (x509.Subject == subjectName)
{
Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));
byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, password);
using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(pfxFileName, FileMode.Create))
{
// Write the data to the file, byte by byte.
for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++)
fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]);
// Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.
fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
// Read and verify the data.
for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)
{
if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())
{
LogRecord.putErrorLog("Export pfx error while verify the pfx file!", "ExportToPfxFile");
fileStream.Close();
return false;
}
}
fileStream.Close();
}
if( isDelFromStore == true)
store.Remove(x509);
}
}
store.Close();
store = null;
storecollection = null;
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// 從WINDOWS證書存儲區的個人MY區找到主題為subjectName的證書，
/// 並導出為CER文件（即，只含公鑰的）
/// </summary>
/// <param name="subjectName"></param>
/// <param name="cerFileName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool ExportToCerFile(string subjectName, string cerFileName)
{
subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
{
if (x509.Subject == subjectName)
{
Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));
//byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, password);
byte[] cerByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Cert);
using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(cerFileName, FileMode.Create))
{
// Write the data to the file, byte by byte.
for (int i = 0; i < cerByte.Length; i++)
fileStream.WriteByte(cerByte[i]);
// Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.
fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
// Read and verify the data.
for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)
{
if (cerByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())
{
LogRecord.putErrorLog("Export CER error while verify the CERT file!", "ExportToCERFile");
fileStream.Close();
return false;
}
}
fileStream.Close();
}
}
}
store.Close();
store = null;
storecollection = null;
return true;
}
#endregion
#region 從證書中獲取信息
/// <summary>
/// 根據私鑰證書得到證書實體，得到實體后可以根據其公鑰和私鑰進行加解密
/// 加解密函數使用DEncrypt的RSACryption類
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pfxFileName"></param>
/// <param name="password"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromPfxFile(string pfxFileName,
string password)
{
try
{
return new X509Certificate2(pfxFileName, password, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogRecord.putErrorLog("get certificate from pfx" + pfxFileName + " error:" + e.ToString(),
"GetCertificateFromPfxFile");
return null;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 到存儲區獲取證書
/// </summary>
/// <param name="subjectName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromStore(string subjectName)
{
subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
{
if (x509.Subject == subjectName)
{
return x509;
}
}
store.Close();
store = null;
storecollection = null;
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 根據公鑰證書，返回證書實體
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cerPath"></param>
public static X509Certificate2 GetCertFromCerFile(string cerPath)
{
try
{
return new X509Certificate2(cerPath);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogRecord.putErrorLog(e.ToString(), "DataCertificate.LoadStudentPublicKey");
return null;
}
}
#endregion
}