我們都知道，Ubuntu的官方源對於國內用戶來說是比較慢的，可以將它的源換成國內的源（比如阿里源），這樣用起來就很快了。下面記錄下更換操作：
首先了解下/etc/apt/sources.list文件 文件/etc/apt/sources.list是一個普通可編輯的文本文件，保存了ubuntu軟件更新的源服務器的地址。 和sources.list功能一樣的是/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list(*代表一個文件名，只能由字母、數字、下划線、英文句號組成)， 該文件夾下的文件是第三方軟件的源，可以分別存放不同的第三源地址，只需“擴展名”為list即可。 sources.list.d目錄下的*.list文件為在單獨文件中寫入源的地址提供了一種方式，通常用來安裝第三方的軟件。 如下是ubuntu官方sources.list文件內容： deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse 以上內容的具體含義如下： 1）每一行的開頭是deb或者deb-src，分別表示直接通過.deb文件進行安裝和通過源文件的方式進行安裝。 2）deb或者deb-src字段之后，是一段URL，之后是五個用空格隔開的字符串，分別對應相應的目錄結構。 在瀏覽器中輸入http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/，並進入dists目錄，可以發現有5個目錄和前述sources.list文件中的第三列字段相對應。 任選其中一個目錄進入，可以看到和sources.list后四列相對應的目錄結構 以上官方的ubuntu源在國內使用，通常都會很慢，以至於在使用過程中報錯。 ----------------下面是我在線上使用過的一個ubuntu的源--------------------- root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$" deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse --------------下面是替換成阿里源的內容------------- root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse ##測試版源 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # 源碼 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse ##測試版源 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # Canonical 合作伙伴和附加 deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# apt-get update 更新源 root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# apt-get upgrade 更新軟件 -------------更換成其他開放的ubuntu源，做法和上面同理---------------- 再比如下面更換成網易源（打開文件中的url。進入dists目錄下就能看到xenial等對應的目錄結構了） root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# apt-get update 更新源 root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# apt-get upgrade 更新軟件