前言
在VC++開發過程中，經常需要用到一些路徑操作，比如拼需要的文件路徑，搜索路徑中的內容等等。Windows提供了一套關於路徑操作的API幫助我們更好的執行這些操作。
路徑截斷與合並API
PathRemoveArgs 去除路徑后面的參數
PathRemoveBackslash* 去除路徑最后的反斜杠“\”
PathAddBackslash* 在路徑最后加上反斜杠“\”
PathRemoveBlanks* 去除路徑前后的空格
PathAddExtension* 在文件路徑后面加上擴展名
PathRemoveExtension* 去除文件路徑擴展名
PathRenameExtension* 更改文件路徑擴展名
PathRemoveFileSpec* 去除文件名，得到目錄
PathUnquoteSpaces* 去除路徑中的首尾開始的引號
PathQuoteSpaces 判斷路徑中是否有空格，有就是用雙引號把整個路徑包起來
PathAppend 將一個路徑追加到另一個路徑后面
PathCombine 合並兩個路徑
PathSkipRoot 去掉路徑中的磁盤符或UNC部分
PathStripPath 去掉路徑中的目錄部分，得到文件名
PathStripToRoot 去掉路徑的文件部分，得到根目錄
PathCompactPath* 根據像素值生成符合長度的路徑
如原始路徑： C:\path1\path2\sample.txt
根據120像素截斷后為： C:\pat...\sample.txt
根據25像素截斷后為: ...\sample.txt
PathCompactPathEx* 根據字符個數來生成符合長度的路徑
PathSetDlgItemPath 將路徑數據設置到對話框的子控件上
PathUndecorate 去除路徑中的修飾
PathUnExpandEnvStrings 將路徑中部分數據替換為系統環境變量格式
路徑查找比較API
PathFindOnPath 從路徑中查找路徑
PathFindExtension* 查找路徑的擴展名
PathFindFileName* 獲取路徑的文件名
PathFindNextComponent 查找匹配路徑，除去盤符之外
PathFindSuffixArray 查找給定的文件名是否有給定的后綴
PathGetArgs 獲取路徑參數
PathGetCharType 獲取路徑字符類型
PathGetDriveNumber 根據邏輯盤符返回驅動器序號
路徑轉換API
PathRelativePathTo 創建一個路徑到另一個路徑的相對路徑。
PathResolve 將一個相對路徑或絕對路徑轉換為一個合格的路徑
PathCanonicalize 規范化路徑，將格式比較亂的路徑整理成規范的路徑格式
PathBuildRoot 根據給定的磁盤序號創建根目錄路徑
CreateDirectory 創建目錄
GetShortPathName* 將長路徑轉為短路徑格式
GetLongPathName* 將短路徑格式轉為長路徑
PathGetShortPath* 將長路徑轉為短路徑格式（在后新版本Windows中不可用！）
PathCreateFromUrl 將URL路徑轉為MS-DOS格式
PathMakePretty* 把路徑全部轉為小寫，增加可讀性
PathMakeSystemFolder 給路徑增加系統屬性
PathUnmakeSystemFolder 去除路徑中的系統屬性
PathMakeUniqueName 從模板創建統一的路徑格式
PathProcessCommand 生成一個可執行的路徑這在ShellExecute中比較有用
路徑驗證API
PathCleanupSpec 去除路徑中不合法的字符
PathCommonPrefix 比較並提取兩個路徑相同的前綴
PathFileExists 驗證路徑是否存在
PathMatchSpec 判斷路徑是否匹配制定的擴展名
PathIsDirectory 判斷路徑是否是一個有效的目錄
PathIsFileSpec 驗證路徑是否一個文件名（有可能是一個路徑）
PathIsExe 驗證路徑是否是可執行文件。
PathIsRoot 路徑是否為根路徑
PathIsRelative 判斷路徑是否是相對路徑
PathIsContentType 檢測文件是否為制定類型。
PathIsContentType(“hello.txt” , “text/plain”) 返回TRUE
PathIsContentType(“hello.txt” , “image/gif”) 返回FALSE
PathIsHTMLFile 判斷路徑是否是html文件類型——根據系統注冊類型判斷
PathIsLFNFileSpec 判斷路徑是否是長路徑格式
PathIsNetworkPath 判斷路徑是否是一個網絡路徑。
PathIsPrefix 判斷路徑是否含有指定前綴
PathIsSameRoot 判斷路徑是否有相同根目錄
PathIsSlow 判斷路徑是否是一個高度延遲的網絡連接
PathIsSystemFolder 判斷路徑是否有系統屬性（屬性可以自己設定）
PathIsUNC 路徑是否是UNC格式（網絡路徑）
PathIsUNCServer 路徑是否是UNC服務器
PathIsUNCServerShare 路徑是否僅僅是UNC的共享路徑格式
PathIsURL 路徑是否是http格式
PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName 基於已存在的文件，自動創建一個唯一的文件名。比如存在“新建文件”，此函數會創建文件名“新建文件（2）”
#include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <Shlwapi.h> #include <shlobj.h> #pragma comment(lib, "shlwapi.lib"); using namespace std; void main( void ) { // PathRemoveArgs char buffer_0[ ] = "c:\\a\\b\\FileA Arg1 Arg2"; char *lpStr0; lpStr0 = buffer_0; cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveArgs\": " << lpStr0 << endl; PathRemoveArgs(lpStr0); cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveArgs\": " << lpStr0 << endl; // PathRemoveBackslash char buffer_1[ ] = "c:\\a\\b\\File\\"; char *lpStr1; lpStr1 = buffer_1; cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveBackslash\": " << lpStr1 << endl; PathRemoveBackslash(lpStr1); cout << "Path after calling \"PathRemoveBackslash\": " << lpStr1 << endl; // PathAddBackslash char buffer_2[MAX_PATH] = "c:\\a\\b\\File"; char *lpStr2; lpStr2 = buffer_2; cout << "Path before calling \"PathAddBackslash\": " << lpStr2 << endl; PathAddBackslash(lpStr2); cout << "Path after calling \"PathAddBackslash\": " << lpStr2 << endl; // PathRemoveBlanks char buffer_3[ ] = " c:\\TEST\\File1\\File2 "; char *lpStr3; lpStr3 = buffer_3; cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveBlanks\": " << lpStr3 << endl; PathRemoveBlanks(lpStr3); cout << "Path after calling \"PathRemoveBlanks\": " << lpStr3 << endl; // PathAddExtension char buffer_4[MAX_PATH] = "file"; char *lpStr4; lpStr4 = buffer_4; char *lpExt = ".txt"; cout << "Path before calling \"PathAddExtension\": " << lpStr4 << endl; PathAddExtension(lpStr4, lpExt); cout << "Path after calling \"PathAddExtension\": " << lpStr4 << endl; // PathRemoveExtension char buffer_5[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt"; char *lpStr5; lpStr5 = buffer_5; cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveExtension\": " << lpStr5 << endl; PathRemoveExtension(lpStr5); cout << "Path after calling \"PathRemoveExtension\": " << lpStr5 << endl; // PathRenameExtension char buffer_6[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt"; char *lpStr6; lpStr6 = buffer_6; char *lpReExt = ".doc"; cout << "Path before calling \"PathRenameExtension\": " << lpStr6 << endl; PathRenameExtension(lpStr6, lpReExt); cout << "Path after calling \"PathRenameExtension\": " << lpStr6 << endl; // PathRemoveFileSpec char buffer_7[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt"; char *lpStr7; lpStr7 = buffer_7; cout << "Path before calling \"PathRemoveFileSpec\": " << lpStr7 << endl; PathRemoveFileSpec(lpStr7); cout << "Path after calling \"PathRemoveFileSpec\": " << lpStr7 << endl; // PathUnquoteSpaces char buffer_8[ ] = "\"C:\\path1\\path2\""; char *lpStr8; lpStr8 = buffer_8; cout << "Path before calling \"PathUnquoteSpaces\": " << lpStr8 << endl; PathUnquoteSpaces(lpStr8); cout << "Path after calling \"PathUnquoteSpaces\": " << lpStr8 << endl; // PathQuoteSpaces char buffer_9[MAX_PATH] = "C:\\sample_one\\sample two"; char *lpStr9; lpStr9 = buffer_9; cout << "Path before calling \"PathQuoteSpaces \": " << lpStr9 << endl; PathQuoteSpaces (lpStr9); cout << "Path after calling \"PathQuoteSpaces \": " << lpStr9 << endl; // PathAppend /* BOOL PathAppend( LPTSTR pszPath, LPCTSTR pszMore ); */ // PathCombine /* LPTSTR PathCombine( LPTSTR lpszDest, LPCTSTR lpszDir, LPCTSTR lpszFile ); */ // PathStripPath TCHAR szPath1[] = TEXT("c:\\dir1\\file.txt"); cout << "Path before calling \"PathQuoteSpaces \": " << szPath1 << endl; PathStripPath(szPath1); cout << "Path after calling \"PathQuoteSpaces \": " << szPath1 << endl; // PathCompactPath char buffer_10[MAX_PATH] = "C:\\path1\\path2\\sample.txt"; char *lpStr10; lpStr10 = buffer_10; HDC hdc = GetDC(NULL); cout << "The un-truncated path is " << lpStr10 << endl; PathCompactPath(hdc, lpStr10, 125); cout << "The truncated path at 125 pixels is : " << lpStr10 << endl; // PathCompactPathEx char buffer_dst[MAX_PATH] = ""; char *lpStrDst; lpStrDst = buffer_dst; char buffer_Org[MAX_PATH] = "C:\\path1\\path2\\sample.txt"; char *lpStrOrg; lpStrOrg = buffer_Org; cout << "Path before calling \"PathCompactPathEx \": " << lpStrOrg << endl; PathCompactPathEx(lpStrDst, lpStrOrg, 10, 0); cout << "Path after calling \"PathCompactPathEx \": " << lpStrDst << endl; // PathFindExtension char buffer_Rev[MAX_PATH] = ""; char *lpStrRev; lpStrRev = buffer_Rev; char buffer_11[] = "C:\\www.txt"; char *lpStr11; lpStr11 = buffer_11; cout << "Path before calling \"PathFindExtension \": " << lpStr11 << endl; lpStrRev = PathFindExtension(lpStr11); cout << "Path after calling \"PathFindExtension \": " << lpStrRev << endl; // PathFindFileName cout << "Path before calling \"PathFindFileName \": " << lpStr11 << endl; lpStrRev = PathFindFileName(lpStr11); cout << "Path after calling \"PathFindFileName \": " << lpStrRev << endl; // PathFindNextComponent char buffer_12[ ] = "c:\\path1\\path2\\test"; char *lpStr12; lpStr12 = buffer_12; cout << "Search a path for the next path component after the root " << lpStr1 << endl; cout << "Return the next path component: \"" << PathFindNextComponent(lpStr1) << "\"" << endl; // PathFindSuffixArray (case-sensitive ) char* pszFilePath = "c:\\path1\\path2\\test.rtl"; LPCTSTR FILE_EXT_NAME[] = {".mp3", ".doc", ".rtl", ".ogg"}; const LPCTSTR* suffix_array = FILE_EXT_NAME; int iArraySize = 4; LPCTSTR lpStrRevStr = PathFindSuffixArray(pszFilePath, suffix_array, iArraySize); cout << "Path before calling \"PathFindSuffixArray \": " << pszFilePath << endl; cout << "Path after calling \"PathFindSuffixArray \": " << lpStrRevStr << endl; // GetLongPathName // GetShortPathName // PathGetShortPath() It might be altered or unavailable in subsequent versions of Windows. // PathMakePretty char buffer_13[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\FILE"; char *lpStr13; lpStr13 = buffer_13; char buffer_14[ ] = "c:\\test\\file"; char *lpStr14; lpStr14 = buffer_14; cout << "The content of the unconverted path is : " << lpStr13 << endl; cout << "The \"PathMakePretty\" function returns the value " << PathMakePretty(lpStr13) << " = TRUE & converts" << endl; cout << "The content of the converted path is : " << lpStr13 << endl; cout << "The content of the unconverted path is : " << lpStr14 << endl; cout << "The \"PathMakePretty\" function returns the value " << PathMakePretty(lpStr4) << " = FALSE & no conversion" << endl; cout << "The content of the converted path is : " << lpStr14 << endl; // PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName(Unicode String) WCHAR* pszUniqueName = new WCHAR[MAX_PATH]; memset(pszUniqueName, 0, MAX_PATH); WCHAR* pszPath = L"C:\\"; WCHAR* pszShort = NULL; WCHAR* pszFileSpec = L"www.txt"; wcout << "Path before calling \"PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName \": " << pszUniqueName << endl; BOOL bRet = PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName(pszUniqueName, pszPath, pszShort, pszFileSpec); wcout << "Path after calling \"PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName \": " << pszUniqueName << endl; if (pszUniqueName) { delete pszUniqueName; pszUniqueName = NULL; } }
運行：
Path before calling "PathRemoveArgs": c:\a\b\FileA Arg1 Arg2 Path before calling "PathRemoveArgs": c:\a\b\FileA Path before calling "PathRemoveBackslash": c:\a\b\File\ Path after calling "PathRemoveBackslash": c:\a\b\File Path before calling "PathAddBackslash": c:\a\b\File Path after calling "PathAddBackslash": c:\a\b\File\ Path before calling "PathRemoveBlanks": c:\TEST\File1\File2 Path after calling "PathRemoveBlanks": c:\TEST\File1\File2 Path before calling "PathAddExtension": file Path after calling "PathAddExtension": file.txt Path before calling "PathRemoveExtension": C:\TEST\sample.txt Path after calling "PathRemoveExtension": C:\TEST\sample Path before calling "PathRenameExtension": C:\TEST\sample.txt Path after calling "PathRenameExtension": C:\TEST\sample.doc Path before calling "PathRemoveFileSpec": C:\TEST\sample.txt Path after calling "PathRemoveFileSpec": C:\TEST Path before calling "PathUnquoteSpaces": "C:\path1\path2" Path after calling "PathUnquoteSpaces": C:\path1\path2 Path before calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": C:\sample_one\sample two Path after calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": "C:\sample_one\sample two" Path before calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": c:\dir1\file.txt Path after calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": file.txt The un-truncated path is C:\path1\path2\sample.txt The truncated path at 125 pixels is : C:\pa...\sample.txt Path before calling "PathCompactPathEx ": C:\path1\path2\sample.txt Path after calling "PathCompactPathEx ": ...\sa... Path before calling "PathFindExtension ": C:\www.txt Path after calling "PathFindExtension ": .txt Path before calling "PathFindFileName ": C:\www.txt Path after calling "PathFindFileName ": www.txt Search a path for the next path component after the root c:\a\b\File Return the next path component: "a\b\File" Path before calling "PathFindSuffixArray ": c:\path1\path2\test.rtl Path after calling "PathFindSuffixArray ": .rtl The content of the unconverted path is : C:\TEST\FILE The "PathMakePretty" function returns the value 1 = TRUE & converts The content of the converted path is : C:\test\file The content of the unconverted path is : c:\test\file The "PathMakePretty" function returns the value 0 = FALSE & no conversion The content of the converted path is : c:\test\file Path before calling "PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName ": Path after calling "PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName ": C:\www (2).txt 請按任意鍵繼續. . .