nginx + vsftpd 搭建 圖片服務器

環境:

　　CentOS7

安裝 nginx

一nginx安裝環境

1. gcc

         安裝nginx需要先將官網下載的源碼進行編譯，編譯依賴gcc環境，如果沒有gcc環境，需要安裝gcc：

　　　yum install gcc-c++

2.PCRE

         PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions)是一個Perl庫，包括 perl 兼容的正則表達式庫。nginx的http模塊使用pcre來解析正則表達式，所以需要在linux上安裝pcre庫。

　　　yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

注：pcre-devel是使用pcre開發的一個二次開發庫。nginx也需要此庫。

3. zlib

         zlib庫提供了很多種壓縮和解壓縮的方式，nginx使用zlib對http包的內容進行gzip，所以需要在linux上安裝zlib庫。

　　　yum install -y zlib zlib-devel

4.openssl

         OpenSSL 是一個強大的安全套接字層密碼庫，囊括主要的密碼算法、常用的密鑰和證書封裝管理功能及SSL協議，並提供豐富的應用程序供測試或其它目的使用。

         nginx不僅支持http協議，還支持https（即在ssl協議上傳輸http），所以需要在linux安裝openssl庫。

　　　yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

 

二 編譯安裝

1.將nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz拷貝至linux服務器。

2.解壓：

　　tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

　　cd nginx-1.8.0

3.配置  configure

./configure --help查詢詳細參數（參考本教程附錄部分：nginx編譯參數）

參數設置如下：

./configure \

--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \

--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \

--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \

--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \

--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \

--with-http_gzip_static_module \

--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/client \

--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/proxy \

--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi \

--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi \

--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/scgi

 

注意：上邊將臨時文件目錄指定為/var/temp/nginx，需要在/var下創建temp及nginx目錄

 

 三 啟動運行測試

1編譯安裝

make

make  install

 

安裝成功查看安裝目錄 ：whereis nginx

 

2 啟動nginx

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

./nginx

 

注意：執行./nginx啟動nginx，這里可以-c指定加載的nginx配置文件，如下：

./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

如果不指定-c，nginx在啟動時默認加載conf/nginx.conf文件，此文件的地址也可以在編譯安裝nginx時指定./configure的參數（--conf-path= 指向配置文件（nginx.conf））

 

3 停止nginx

方式1，快速停止：

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin

./nginx -s stop

此方式相當於先查出nginx進程id再使用kill命令強制殺掉進程。

 

方式2，完整停止(建議使用)：

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin

./nginx -s quit

此方式停止步驟是待nginx進程處理任務完畢進行停止。

 

4 重啟nginx

方式1，先停止再啟動（建議使用）：

對nginx進行重啟相當於先停止nginx再啟動nginx，即先執行停止命令再執行啟動命令。

如下：

./nginx -s quit

./nginx

 

方式2，重新加載配置文件：

當nginx的配置文件nginx.conf修改后，要想讓配置生效需要重啟nginx，使用-s reload不用先停止nginx再啟動nginx即可將配置信息在nginx中生效，如下：

./nginx -s reload

 

5 測試

nginx安裝成功，啟動nginx，即可訪問虛擬機上的nginx：瀏覽器輸入服務器地址即可

 

 

安裝ftp組件

1.安裝vsftpd組件

安裝完后，有/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 文件，是vsftp的配置文件。

yum -y install vsftpd

 

2.添加一個ftp用戶

此用戶就是用來登錄ftp服務器用的。

useradd ftpuser

這樣一個用戶建完，可以用這個登錄，記得用普通登錄不要用匿名了。登錄后默認的路徑為 /home/ftpuser.     

 

3.給ftp用戶添加密碼。

passwd ftpuser

輸入兩次密碼后修改密碼。

 

4 .防火牆開啟21端口

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=21/tcp

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=21/udp

 

還要運行下,重啟iptables

firewall-cmd --reload

 

5.修改selinux

外網是可以訪問上去了，可是發現沒法返回目錄（使用ftp的主動模式，被動模式還是無法訪問），也上傳不了，因為selinux作怪了。

修改selinux：

執行以下命令查看狀態：

getsebool -a | grep ftp 

allow_ftpd_anon_write --> off

allow_ftpd_full_access --> off

allow_ftpd_use_cifs --> off

allow_ftpd_use_nfs --> off

ftp_home_dir --> off

ftpd_connect_db --> off

ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off

httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off

tftp_anon_write --> off

 

執行上面命令，再返回的結果看到兩行都是off，代表，沒有開啟外網的訪問

setsebool -P allow_ftpd_full_access on

setsebool -P ftp_home_dir on

 

這樣應該沒問題了（如果，還是不行，看看是不是用了ftp客戶端工具用了passive模式訪問了，如提示Entering Passive mode，就代表是passive模式，默認是不行的，因為ftp passive模式被iptables擋住了，下面會講怎么開啟，如果懶得開的話，就看看你客戶端ftp是否有port模式的選項，或者把passive模式的選項去掉。如果客戶端還是不行，看看客戶端上的主機的電腦是否開了防火牆，關吧）

 

FileZilla的主動、被動模式修改：

菜單：編輯→設置

 

 

 

6   關閉匿名訪問

修改/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件：

 

重啟ftp服務：

service vsftpd restart

 

 

nginx配置文件

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        charset utf-8;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;



        location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png)$ {  
            expires 24h;  
            root /home/ftpuser/picture/;#Ö¸¶¨Í¼Æ¬´æ·Å·¾¶  
            access_log /home/ftpuser/picture/images.log;#ÈÕÖ¾´æ·Å·¾¶  
            proxy_store on;  
            proxy_store_access user:rw group:rw all:rw;  
            proxy_temp_path     /home/ftpuser/picture/;#ͼƬ·ÃÎÊ·¾¶  
            proxy_redirect     off;  
            proxy_set_header    Host 127.0.0.1;  
            client_max_body_size  10m;  
            client_body_buffer_size 1280k;  
            proxy_connect_timeout  900;  
            proxy_send_timeout   900;  
            proxy_read_timeout   900;  
            proxy_buffer_size    40k;  
            proxy_buffers      40 320k;  
            proxy_busy_buffers_size 640k;  
            proxy_temp_file_write_size 640k;  
            if ( !-e $request_filename)  
            {  
               proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;#ĬÈÏ80¶Ë¿Ú  
            }  
        } 

  
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
  
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

 

vsftpd配置

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=NO
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=no
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

#local_root=/home/image/ 
#chroot_local_user=YES 
#anon_root=/home/image/

 

最后一步修改ftpuser的文件權限

chown -R 755 /home/ftpuser/picture/