[Mac][Python][Virtualenv]安裝配置和使用

安裝幫助文檔安裝VirtualEnv報錯如下

tekiMacBook-Air:workspaces hbai$ source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
/usr/bin/python: No module named virtualenvwrapper
virtualenvwrapper.sh: There was a problem running the initialization hooks. 

If Python could not import the module virtualenvwrapper.hook_loader,
check that virtualenvwrapper has been installed for
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python and that PATH is
set properly.
tekiMacBook-Air:workspaces hbai$ which python
/usr/bin/python

檢查后發現因為Mac本機自帶的python2.7 安裝在/usr/bin 下面，但是安裝了pycharm后會在/usr/local/bin會有python3.0的執行文件，所以本地的調用基本都被pycharm接管了。

因此給py2.7安裝相對應的環境時候，需要通過pycharm來進行安裝virtalenv 和 virtualenvwrapper才可以

 

 

安裝完畢后 再在命令行執行即可

• 直接創建虛擬環境 $ virtualenv env1
• 導入環境變量以后通過mkvirtualenv 創建虛擬環境
  • 　　$export WORKON_HOME=~/workspaces
  • 　　$source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
  • 　　$mkvirtualenv env1

通過這種方式創建的python環境就是3.4的了

testtekiMacBook-Air:workspaces test$ virtualenv env1
Using base prefix '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4'
New python executable in /Users/test/workspaces/env1/bin/python3.4
Also creating executable in /Users/test/workspaces/env1/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
testtekiMacBook-Air:workspaces test$ ls
env1
testtekiMacBook-Air:workspaces test$ rm -rf env1/
testtekiMacBook-Air:workspaces test$ export WORKON_HOME=~/workspaces
testtekiMacBook-Air:workspaces test$ source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/initialize
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/premkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/postmkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/prermvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/postrmvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/get_env_details
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/premkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/postmkproject
testtekiMacBook-Air:workspaces test$ ls
get_env_details        postactivate        postmkproject        postrmvirtualenv    predeactivate        premkvirtualenv
initialize        postdeactivate        postmkvirtualenv    preactivate        premkproject        prermvirtualenv
testtekiMacBook-Air:workspaces test$ mkvirtualenv env1
Using base prefix '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4'
New python executable in /Users/test/workspaces/env1/bin/python3.4
Also creating executable in /Users/test/workspaces/env1/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/env1/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/env1/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/env1/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/env1/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/test/workspaces/env1/bin/get_env_details
(env1) testtekiMacBook-Air:workspaces test$ python
Python 3.4.0 (v3.4.0:04f714765c13, Mar 15 2014, 23:02:41) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

 

注： 如果需要使用mac原先自帶的py2.7的環境進行創建virtual env,步驟如下：

需要指定pip3的安裝以及設置VIRTUALENVWRAPPER的工作路徑，但是不推薦，因為這樣運行環境是py2.7的

$ /usr/local/bin/pip3 install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
$ export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/local/bin/python3
$ source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

 

常用命令：

1. 列出虛擬環境：

   $ lsvirtualenv -b
   env1
   env2

2. 切換虛擬環境：

   $ workon env1

3. 查看環境里安裝了哪些包：

   $ lssitepackages

4. 進入當前環境：

   $ cdvirtualenv

5. 進入當前環境的site-packages：

   $ cdsitepackages $ cdsitepackages pip

6. 復制虛擬環境：

   $ cpvirtualenv env1 env3
   Copying env1 as env3...

7. 退出虛擬環境：

   $ deactivate

8. 刪除虛擬環境：

   $ rmvirtualenv env2 Removing env2...

 

參考文檔： http://www.jianshu.com/p/51140800e8b4#

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/29486113/problems-with-python-and-virtualenvwrapper-after-updating-no-module-named-virtu

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27308234/usr-bin-python-vs-opt-local-bin-python2-7-on-os-x