vagrant安裝homestead環境使用總結

想學習下laravel才了解到這個，所以着手研究了一下。

電腦是wind7 64位系統（最好安裝git,在git bash下面執行下面的命令）。

1.准備安裝visual box和vagrant軟件（建議下載最新版本的，因為一般剛下載的都是新的，如果你的版本過久可能會出現問題）

准備好了就開始吧！

vagrant部分

• 方案1

$ vagrant.exe box add laravel/homestead

執行上面的命令，一般國內有牆導致下載巨慢，估計要幾天的節奏就算了（我這里沒牆都下載了幾個小時，其實也才不到1G），網一般的話就放棄方案1吧。

我是使用的方案1，下面會和方案2進行比對。

$ vagrant.exe box list
laravel/homestead (virtualbox, 2.0.0)

下載完了，看下list，看到下載到了最新版的。

• 方案2

去網上找到這個.box文件，去這里（https://atlas.hashicorp.com/boxes/search）搜索你要的。找到后，去問萬能的網友找資源即可。

下載好了之后文件最好重命名一下，我的是homestead.box。有了該文件可以通過添加本地文件來添加。

首先切到box文件所在目錄，

$ ls
homestead.box

　　執行如下命令，因為我已經在方案1里面安裝過一個laravel/homestead，不能重名，所以換個名字執行

$ vagrant.exe box add laravel/homestead2 homestead.box
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'laravel/homestead2' (v0) for provider:
    box: Unpacking necessary files from: file://E:/laravel/box/home/homestead.box
    box:
==> box: Successfully added box 'laravel/homestead2' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!

看到提示成功了，然后再list一下：

$ vagrant.exe box list
laravel/homestead  (virtualbox, 2.0.0)
laravel/homestead2 (virtualbox, 0)

這時候發現一個問題就是，雖然加成功了，但是發現后面沒版本號，我保證下載的也是2.0.0版本的。看來肯定是有地方不對。

本來是感覺可以通過在add的時候加參數去實現把版本號帶上去，后來沒能實現，通過查看文檔（https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/getting-started/boxes.html），發現可以通過json文件配置虛擬機提供者和版本等信息。

官網json實例：

{
  "name": "hashicorp/precise64",
  "description": "This box contains Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64-bit.",
  "versions": [
    {
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "providers": [
        {
          "name": "virtualbox",
          "url": "http://somewhere.com/precise64_010_virtualbox.box",
          "checksum_type": "sha1",
          "checksum": "foo"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

可以看到通過上面可以配置多個版本。里面有很多信息可以配置，我們只需要配置自己需要的即可。

配置前，先把之前的刪掉吧，順便學習下刪除命令

$ vagrant.exe box remove laravel/homestead2
Removing box 'laravel/homestead2' (v0) with provider 'virtualbox'...

配置的json文件如下：

{
	"name": "laravel/homestead2",
	"versions": [{
		"version": "2.0.0",
		"providers": [{
			"name": "virtualbox",
			"url": "file://homestead.box"
		}]
	}]
}

最好將該文件與.box文件放到同一個目錄（window的目錄老出問題，這樣避免使用絕對路徑）

文件命名是隨便的，這里起名為homestead.json。保存。

現在的目錄結構：

$ ls
homestead.box  homestead.json

現在執行添加這個json文件即可，里面規定了.box文件，變得更簡潔了。

$ vagrant.exe box add homestead.json
==> box: Loading metadata for box 'homestead.json'
    box: URL: file://E:/laravel/box/home/homestead.json
==> box: Adding box 'laravel/homestead2' (v2.0.0) for provider: virtualbox
    box: Unpacking necessary files from: file://homestead.box
    box:
==> box: Successfully added box 'laravel/homestead2' (v2.0.0) for 'virtualbox'!

現在已經看到成功加進去了，而且版本號也成功的加上了。

再次list一下，看看加進去的box

$ vagrant.exe box list
laravel/homestead  (virtualbox, 2.0.0)
laravel/homestead2 (virtualbox, 2.0.0)

添加box到此圓滿結束。

——————————————分割線——————————————

homestead部分

1.下載homestead

$ git clone https://github.com/laravel/homestead.git Homestead
Cloning into 'Homestead'...
remote: Counting objects: 2134, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (26/26), done.
remote: Total 2134 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 2107
Receiving objects: 100% (2134/2134), 381.71 KiB | 310.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1227/1227), done.

進入Homestead文件夾查看下目錄

$ cd Homestead && ls
CHANGELOG.md  Vagrantfile  composer.json  init.bat  phpunit.xml.dist  resources/  src/
LICENSE.txt   bin/         composer.lock  init.sh*  readme.md         scripts/    tests/

這里可以參考laravel的官方文檔，有些不用說那么詳細了。

初始化，生成Homestead.yaml文件。

$ ./init.sh
Homestead initialized!

查看目錄，可以看到生成了我們要的文件（和上面對比生成了好幾個文件還有文件夾的，關心的話可以自己對比下，我們主要是看.yaml文件）：

$ ls
CHANGELOG.md    Vagrantfile  bin/           init.bat          readme.md   src/
Homestead.yaml  after.sh*    composer.json  init.sh*          resources/  tests/
LICENSE.txt     aliases      composer.lock  phpunit.xml.dist  scripts/

ps:這里配置文件主要是放到.yaml文件里面的，但是其實vagrant啟動的時候是看Vagrantfile這個文件的，在homestead里面，其實是Vagrantfile里面又引用了Homestead.yaml達到對vagrant虛擬機的配置的，有點兒語言基礎的都可以簡單的去了解下運行加載過程的。除了這個還有些默認的是用ruby寫的配置，放在了./scripts/homestead.rb下面（后面會有個小問題，需要改下這里，可能是我自己環境問題）

下一步用ssh-keygen生成一下密鑰：

$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.

這里不用輸入什么，直接enter，然后就過去了，最后會在用戶目錄生成一個.ssh文件夾

$ ls ~/.ssh
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub

開始啟動吧：

$ vagrant.exe up
Bringing machine 'homestead-7' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> homestead-72: Importing base box 'laravel/homestead2'...
Progress: 70%

等progress走到100%就會接着往下走，可以看到名字是homestead-7，使用的box是laravel/homestead。

很遺憾我這里報錯了：

$ vagrant.exe up
Bringing machine 'homestead-7' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> homestead-72: Importing base box 'laravel/homestead2'...
==> homestead-72: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> homestead-72: Checking if box 'laravel/homestead2' is up to date...
==> homestead-72: Setting the name of the VM: homestead-72
==> homestead-72: Destroying VM and associated drives...
C:/HashiCorp/Vagrant/embedded/gems/gems/vagrant-1.9.3/lib/vagrant/util/is_port_open.rb:21:in `initialize': The requested address is not valid in its context. - connect(2) for "0.0.0.0" port 8000 (Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL)
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。還有很長，就看這一段兒吧。

谷歌一下這個問題，有說是版本不對，有說是加個加個IP（127.0.0.1）的。這里找問題找了好久，考慮到公司里各種IP設置什么的，最后在./scripts/homestead.rb下關於網絡配置的一段兒，加了點兒東西。

這段兒是這樣的，紅色部分是我加的：

# Default Port Forwarding
        default_ports = {
            80 => 8000,
            443 => 44300,
            3306 => 33060,
            5432 => 54320,
            8025 => 8025,
            27017 => 27017
        }

        # Use Default Port Forwarding Unless Overridden
        unless settings.has_key?("default_ports") && settings["default_ports"] == false
            default_ports.each do |guest, host|
                unless settings["ports"].any? { |mapping| mapping["guest"] == guest }
                    config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: guest, host: host, auto_correct: true, host_ip: '本機IP'
                end
            end
        end

這是關於vagrant幾種網絡的設置的，有興趣可以去（https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/networking/）了解下三種網絡配置（公有，私有，轉發）。

這里說到：

host_ip (string) - The IP on the host you want to bind the forwarded port to. If not specified, it will be bound to every IP. By default, this is empty.

默認會綁定所有IP就是提示里面的0.0.0.0 ，改成只是我本地和虛擬機的轉發。

改好了，再次vagrant up

$ vagrant.exe up
Bringing machine 'homestead-7' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> homestead-7: Checking if box 'laravel/homestead' is up to date...
==> homestead-7: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> homestead-7: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> homestead-7: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    homestead-7: Adapter 1: nat
    homestead-7: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> homestead-7: Forwarding ports...
    homestead-7: 80 (guest) => 8000 (host) (adapter 1)
    homestead-7: 443 (guest) => 44300 (host) (adapter 1)
    homestead-7: 3306 (guest) => 33060 (host) (adapter 1)
    homestead-7: 5432 (guest) => 54320 (host) (adapter 1)
    homestead-7: 8025 (guest) => 8025 (host) (adapter 1)
    homestead-7: 27017 (guest) => 27017 (host) (adapter 1)
    homestead-7: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> homestead-7: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> homestead-7: Booting VM...
==> homestead-7: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    homestead-7: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    homestead-7: SSH username: vagrant
    homestead-7: SSH auth method: private key
    homestead-7: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
==> homestead-7: Machine booted and ready!
==> homestead-7: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> homestead-7: Setting hostname...
==> homestead-7: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==> homestead-7: Mounting shared folders...
    homestead-7: /vagrant => E:/laravel/Homestead
    homestead-7: /home/vagrant/Code => C:/Users/sundongdong/Code
==> homestead-7: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> homestead-7: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.

好了，現在已經正常啟動了。

使用ssh連接測試一下：

$ vagrant.exe ssh
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-51-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

3 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.


Last login: Fri Mar 24 01:28:34 2017 from 10.0.2.2
vagrant@homestead:~$ ls
Code
vagrant@homestead:~$ ifconfig
enp0s3    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:c3:0a:85
          inet addr:10.0.2.15  Bcast:10.0.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fec3:a85/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:843 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:620 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:91327 (91.3 KB)  TX bytes:80499 (80.4 KB)

enp0s8    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:29:63:ca
          inet addr:192.168.10.10  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe29:63ca/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:1296 (1.2 KB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:74 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:74 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
          RX bytes:32145 (32.1 KB)  TX bytes:32145 (32.1 KB)

測試通過。

關於.yaml配置文件的更改配置等問題，請參考laravel文檔即可。