一、加載方式
1. 靜態加載
1.1 加載步驟
(1) 創建fragment:創建自定義Fragment類繼承自Fragment類,同時將自定義Fragment類與Fragment視圖綁定(將layout轉換成View)
View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)
inflater用於綁定Fragment的布局文件,同時將該布局轉換成View對象並返回;container為Fragment的UI所在的父容器。返回值為Fragment顯示的UI,若不顯示,則返回null。
inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)
resource為Fragment需要加載的布局文件;root為加載Fragment的父ViewGroup,也就是onCreateView傳遞進來的container;attachToRoot為是否返回父ViewGroup。
(2) 使用fragment:在父視圖中引入fragment,靜態加載必須指定name屬性以及一個唯一標識符,標識符可以為id或者tag
<!--指定在layout中實例化的Fragment類,需要為“包名.類名”的完整形式-->
android:name
<!--唯一標識,id和tag可任選其一,不可兩者都沒有-->
android:id
android:tag
(3) 監聽事件:若在父視圖對應的類中設置監聽事件,可以直接訪問fragment中的子組件;若在Fragment的類中設置,則必須通過inflate()返回的View對象訪問Fragment中的子組件(view.findViewById(id))。
1.2 簡單范例
MyFragment視圖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fragment_text"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
MyFragment類:
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
//將layout布局轉換成View對象
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.myfragment, container, false);
//必須通過view對象對其子組件進行訪問
TextView textView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fragment_text);
textView.setText("這里是fragment");
//返回Fragment顯示UI
return view;
}
}
引用fragment的父視圖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.studying.StaticFragmentActivity">
<fragment
android:tag="fragment"
android:name="com.joahyau.studying.MyFragment"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</LinearLayout>
父視圖對應的類設置事件監聽:
public class StaticFragmentActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_static_fragment);
//可直接通過findViewById訪問
findViewById(R.id.fragment_text).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(StaticFragmentActivity.this, "點擊了文本", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
}
2. 動態加載
2.1 加載步驟
(1) 獲取事務管理器:對Fragment進行的添加、移除、替換等操作,均為事務。需通過以下代碼獲取事務管理器,從而對fragment進行動態操作。
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
(2) 創建Fragment對象:創建需要加載的fragment,而后通過add或replace等方法實現動態加載。
2.2 簡單范例
布局:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context="io.github.joahyau.studying.DynamicFragmentActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/load"
android:text="加載"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="80dp" />
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/container"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal" />
</LinearLayout>
Java:
public class DynamicFragmentActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_dynamic_fragment);
findViewById(R.id.load).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//獲取事務管理器
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
//創建fragment,並將其動態加載到id位container的布局中
MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.container, myFragment);
//提交事務
fragmentTransaction.commit();
}
});
}
}
二、數據通信
3. Activity向Fragment傳遞數據
3.1 Activity向動態加載的Fragment傳遞數據
(1)在Activity中獲取Fragment對象;
(2)創建Bundle對象並傳入數據;
(3)將Bundle對象傳遞給Fragment對象;
(4)在Fragment中獲取Bundle對象並拆包得到數據。
范例:Activity中只有一個id為send的Button,MyFragment中只有一個TextView,這里就不再放布局代碼了。
Activity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
findViewById(R.id.send).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//創建Fragment對象
MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
//創建Bundle對象並傳入數據
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("info", "這里是向Fragment傳遞的數據");
myFragment.setArguments(bundle);
//加載Fragment
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction beginTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
beginTransaction.add(R.id.layout, myFragment, "myfragment");
beginTransaction.commit();
}
});
}
}
Fragment:
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false);
TextView tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text);
//獲取數據
String text = getArguments().get("info") + "";
tv.setText(text);
return view;
}
}
3.2 Activity向靜態加載的Fragment傳遞數據
(1)在Fragment中創建作為容器的數據對象,並創建getter和setter;
(2)在Activity中獲取FragmentManager;
(3)通過事務管理器的findFragmentById或findFragmentByTag方法,獲得fragment對象;
(4)通過獲得的fragment對象調用容器的setter方法進行傳值。
范例:這里的布局與動態加載的布局唯一不同的就是將send按鈕放在了Fragment里面,其它相同。
Fragment:
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
private Button btn;
private String received;//作為容器的對象
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false);
TextView tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text);
tv.setText("這里是Fragment");
btn = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.send);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "成功接收\"" + getReceived() + "\"", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
return view;
}
public String getReceived() {
return received;
}
public void setReceived(String received) {
this.received = received;
}
}
Activity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
MyFragment myFragment = (MyFragment) fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.my_fragment);
myFragment.setReceived("this is a test.");
}
}
4. Fragment向Activity傳遞數據
(1)在Fragment中寫一個回調接口;
(2)在activity中實現這個回調接口,實現的函數用於傳值;
(3)重寫Fragment中onAttach,在其中創建一個接口對象,得到傳遞過來的activity(我的理解是這個接口其實相當於傳遞過來的activity的一個父類,這一步是用到了多態的特性);
(4)用得到的接口對象進行傳值。
Fragment:
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
private SendData sendData;
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
super.onAttach(activity);
//獲取實現的接口對象
sendData = (SendData) activity;
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false);
TextView tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text);
tv.setText("這里是Fragment");
//通過接口對象傳遞數據
sendData.sendMsg("this is a test.");
return view;
}
//定義一個回調接口
public interface SendData{
void sendMsg(String str);
}
}
Activity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements MyFragment.SendData{
private Button btn;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction beginTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
beginTransaction.add(R.id.layout, myFragment);
beginTransaction.commit();
}
});
}
//實現SendData接口,接收數據
@Override
public void sendMsg(String str) {
Toast.makeText(this, "成功接收\"" + str + "\"", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
