Selenium提供了一個類ActionChains來處理模擬鼠標事件，如單擊、雙擊、拖動等。
基本語法：
class ActionChains(object):
"""
ActionChains are a way to automate low level interactions such as
mouse movements, mouse button actions, key press, and context menu interactions.
This is useful for doing more complex actions like hover over and drag and drop.
Generate user actions.
When you call methods for actions on the ActionChains object,
the actions are stored in a queue in the ActionChains object.
When you call perform(), the events are fired in the order they
are queued up.
ActionChains can be used in a chain pattern::
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()
Or actions can be queued up one by one, then performed.::
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu)
actions.click(hidden_submenu)
actions.perform()
Either way, the actions are performed in the order they are called, one after
another.
"""
def __init__(self, driver):
"""
Creates a new ActionChains.
:Args:
- driver: The WebDriver instance which performs user actions.
"""
self._driver = driver
self._actions = []
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions = ActionBuilder(driver)
def perform(self):
"""
Performs all stored actions.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.perform()
else:
for action in self._actions:
action()
def reset_actions(self):
"""
Clears actions that are already stored on the remote end.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self._driver.execute(Command.W3C_CLEAR_ACTIONS)
else:
self._actions = []
def click(self, on_element=None):
"""
Clicks an element.
:Args:
- on_element: The element to click.
If None, clicks on current mouse position.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click(on_element)
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
if on_element:
self.move_to_element(on_element)
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.CLICK, {'button': 0}))
return self
def click_and_hold(self, on_element=None):
"""
Holds down the left mouse button on an element.
:Args:
- on_element: The element to mouse down.
If None, clicks on current mouse position.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click_and_hold(on_element)
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
if on_element:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
if on_element:
self.move_to_element(on_element)
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.MOUSE_DOWN, {}))
return self
def context_click(self, on_element=None):
"""
Performs a context-click (right click) on an element.
:Args:
- on_element: The element to context-click.
If None, clicks on current mouse position.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.context_click(on_element)
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
if on_element:
self.move_to_element(on_element)
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.CLICK, {'button': 2}))
return self
def double_click(self, on_element=None):
"""
Double-clicks an element.
:Args:
- on_element: The element to double-click.
If None, clicks on current mouse position.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.double_click(on_element)
for _ in range(4):
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
if on_element:
self.move_to_element(on_element)
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.DOUBLE_CLICK, {}))
return self
def drag_and_drop(self, source, target):
"""
Holds down the left mouse button on the source element,
then moves to the target element and releases the mouse button.
:Args:
- source: The element to mouse down.
- target: The element to mouse up.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click_and_hold(source) \
.move_to(target) \
.release()
for _ in range(3):
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
self.click_and_hold(source)
self.release(target)
return self
def drag_and_drop_by_offset(self, source, xoffset, yoffset):
"""
Holds down the left mouse button on the source element,
then moves to the target offset and releases the mouse button.
:Args:
- source: The element to mouse down.
- xoffset: X offset to move to.
- yoffset: Y offset to move to.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click_and_hold(source) \
.move_to_location(xoffset, yoffset) \
.release()
for _ in range(3):
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
self.click_and_hold(source)
self.move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset)
self.release()
return self
def key_down(self, value, element=None):
"""
Sends a key press only, without releasing it.
Should only be used with modifier keys (Control, Alt and Shift).
:Args:
- value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in `Keys` class.
- element: The element to send keys.
If None, sends a key to current focused element.
Example, pressing ctrl+c::
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
"""
if element:
self.click(element)
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.key_down(value)
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pause()
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT,
{"value": keys_to_typing(value)}))
return self
def key_up(self, value, element=None):
"""
Releases a modifier key.
:Args:
- value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class.
- element: The element to send keys.
If None, sends a key to current focused element.
Example, pressing ctrl+c::
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
"""
if element:
self.click(element)
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.key_up(value)
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pause()
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT,
{"value": keys_to_typing(value)}))
return self
def move_by_offset(self, xoffset, yoffset):
"""
Moving the mouse to an offset from current mouse position.
:Args:
- xoffset: X offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer.
- yoffset: Y offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer.
"""
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.MOVE_TO, {
'xoffset': int(xoffset),
'yoffset': int(yoffset)}))
return self
def move_to_element(self, to_element):
"""
Moving the mouse to the middle of an element.
:Args:
- to_element: The WebElement to move to.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to(to_element)
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.MOVE_TO, {'element': to_element.id}))
return self
def move_to_element_with_offset(self, to_element, xoffset, yoffset):
"""
Move the mouse by an offset of the specified element.
Offsets are relative to the top-left corner of the element.
:Args:
- to_element: The WebElement to move to.
- xoffset: X offset to move to.
- yoffset: Y offset to move to.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to(to_element, xoffset, yoffset)
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
self._actions.append(
lambda: self._driver.execute(Command.MOVE_TO, {
'element': to_element.id,
'xoffset': int(xoffset),
'yoffset': int(yoffset)}))
return self
def release(self, on_element=None):
"""
Releasing a held mouse button on an element.
:Args:
- on_element: The element to mouse up.
If None, releases on current mouse position.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.release()
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
if on_element:
self.move_to_element(on_element)
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(Command.MOUSE_UP, {}))
return self
def send_keys(self, *keys_to_send):
"""
Sends keys to current focused element.
:Args:
- keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the
'Keys' class.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.send_keys(keys_to_send)
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT, {'value': keys_to_typing(keys_to_send)}))
return self
def send_keys_to_element(self, element, *keys_to_send):
"""
Sends keys to an element.
:Args:
- element: The element to send keys.
- keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the
'Keys' class.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.send_keys(keys_to_send, element=element)
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: element.send_keys(*keys_to_send))
return self
# Context manager so ActionChains can be used in a 'with .. as' statements.
def __enter__(self):
return self # Return created instance of self.
def __exit__(self, _type, _value, _traceback):
pass # Do nothing, does not require additional cleanup.
方法列表
perform(self): ---執行鏈中的所有動作 reset_actions(self): ---清除存儲在遠端的動作 click(self, on_element=None): ---鼠標左鍵單擊 click_and_hold(self, on_element=None): --鼠標左鍵單擊，不松開 context_click(self, on_element=None): ---鼠標右鍵單擊 double_click(self, on_element=None): ---鼠標左鍵雙擊 drag_and_drop(self, source, target): ---拖拽到某個元素后松開 drag_and_drop_by_offset(self, source, xoffset, yoffset): ---拖拽到某個坐標后松開 key_down(self, value, element=None): ---某個鍵盤鍵被按下 key_up(self, value, element=None): ---松開某個鍵 move_by_offset(self, xoffset, yoffset): ---鼠標移動到某個坐標 move_to_element(self, to_element): ---鼠標移動到某個元素 move_to_element_with_offset(self, to_element, xoffset, yoffset): ---移動到距某個元素（左上角）多少的位置 release(self, on_element=None): ---在某元素上松開鼠標 send_keys(self, *keys_to_send): ---發送某些值到當前焦點元素 send_keys_to_element(self, element, *keys_to_send): ---發送某些值到指定元素
基本用法
鏈式寫法 ActionChains(driver).click(clk_btn).context_click(right_btn).perform() 分步寫法 # 補全化action actions = ActionChains(driver) # 裝載單擊動作 actions.click() # 裝載右擊動作 actions.context_click() # 執行所有被裝載的動作 actions.perform()
應用舉例
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
# 右擊百度新聞
right_click = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@name="tj_trnews"]')
ActionChains(driver).context_click(right_click).perform()
參考 文檔：
http://www.jb51.net/article/92682.htm
下拉滾動條
方法一：
使用js腳本直接操作
js="var q=document.documentElement.scrollTop=10000"
driver.execute_script(js)
方法二、
將滾動條手動到指定的位置，這種方法更常用
target = driver.find_element_by_id("id_keypair")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", target) #拖動到可見的元素去
方法三、
發送TAB鍵
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver.find_element_by_id("id_login_method_0").send_keys(Keys.TAB)
方法四、
前段時間使用robotframe work框架時，selenium2library里面有一個非常好用的功能Focus，會自動定位到元素，研讀一下源碼：
def focus(self, locator):
"""Sets focus to element identified by `locator`."""
element = self._element_find(locator, True, True)
self._current_browser().execute_script("arguments[0].focus();", element)
從源碼中我們可以看到，此方法與我們在python自己寫的方法二)一致，工具給我們做了封裝。