關於ORACLE通過file_id與block_id定位數據庫對象遇到的問題的一點思考

在ORACLE中，我們可以通過file_id（file#）與block_id（block#）去定位一個數據庫對象（object）。例如，我們在10046生成的trace文件中file#=4 block#=266 blocks=8,那么我可以通過下面兩個SQL去定位對象

 

SQL 1：此SQL效率較差，執行時間較長。

 

SELECT OWNER,
       SEGMENT_NAME,
       SEGMENT_TYPE,
       TABLESPACE_NAME
FROM   DBA_EXTENTS
WHERE  FILE_ID =&FILE_ID
       AND &BLOCK_ID BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1;

 

SQL 2：此SQL效率較快（ORACLE 10g 中沒有CACHEHINT字段）

SELECT OBJD,
       FILE#,
       BLOCK#,
       CLASS#,
       TS#,
       CACHEHINT,
       STATUS,
       DIRTY
FROM   V$BH
WHERE  FILE# = &FILE_ID
       AND BLOCK# = &BLOCK_ID;


SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_ID=&OBJECT_ID;

下面通過一個例子來演示一下，詳情如下所示

SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER       ,
  2         SEGMENT_NAME ,
  3         HEADER_FILE  ,
  4         HEADER_BLOCK
  5  FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
  6  WHERE OWNER='TEST' AND SEGMENT_NAME='EMPLOYEE';

OWNER        SEGMENT_NAME                     HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ------------
TEST         EMPLOYEE                                   4          266

SQL>
SQL> SELECT OWNER,
  2         SEGMENT_NAME,
  3         SEGMENT_TYPE,
  4         TABLESPACE_NAME
  5  FROM   DBA_EXTENTS
  6  WHERE  FILE_ID = 4
  7         AND 266 BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1;

OWNER        SEGMENT_NAME                     SEGMENT_TYPE       TABLESPACE_NAME
------------ -------------------------------- ------------------ -----------------
TEST         EMPLOYEE                         TABLE              USERS

SQL>
SQL> SELECT OBJD,
  2         FILE#,
  3         BLOCK#,
  4         CLASS#,
  5         TS#,
  6         CACHEHINT,
  7         STATUS,
  8         DIRTY
  9  FROM   V$BH
 10  WHERE  FILE# = 4
 11         AND BLOCK# = 266;

      OBJD      FILE#     BLOCK#     CLASS#        TS#  CACHEHINT STATUS     D
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -
     76090          4        266          4          4         15 cr         N
     76090          4        266          4          4         15 cr         N
     76090          4        266          4          4         15 cr         N

SQL> SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_ID=76090;

OWNER        OBJECT_NAME
------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
TEST         EMPLOYEE

 

昨天在群里討論一個關於空閑塊的問題時，我驗證測試時，發現一個奇怪的現象，使用下面SQL找到了一個最大空閑塊。

SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME)           AS "表空間名",
       D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB                   AS "表空間大小(M)",
       D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB  - F.TOTAL_BYTES  AS "已使用空間(M)",
       TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99')
                                          AS "使用比",
       F.TOTAL_BYTES                      AS "空閑空間(M)",
       F.MAX_BYTES                        AS "最大空閑塊(M)"
FROM
  (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
    ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,
    ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES
  FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
  GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
  ) F,
  (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,
    ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB
  FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD
  GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME
  ) D
WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME;

SELECT FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID, BYTES,BLOCKS
FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE
WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME=&TABLESPACE_NAME
ORDER BY BYTES DESC;

 

然后我發現使用上面兩個SQL查不到對應的對象。如下截圖所示：

 

 

后面查了一下資料，發現在Oracle Database 10g引入了回收站功能后，會將回收站（RECYCLEBIN$）中的空間計算為自由空間，加入到dba_free_space字典中。在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql中，你可以找到視圖DBA_FREE_SPACE的定義，腳本如下：

ORACLE 10g中DBA_FREE_SPACE的定義：

create or replace view DBA_FREE_SPACE
    (TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, BLOCK_ID,
     BYTES, BLOCKS, RELATIVE_FNO)
as
select ts.name, fi.file#, f.block#,
       f.length * ts.blocksize, f.length, f.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.fet$ f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ts#
  and f.ts# = fi.ts#
  and f.file# = fi.relfile#
  and ts.bitmapped = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(f) use_nl(fi) */
       ts.name, fi.file#, f.ktfbfebno,
       f.ktfbfeblks * ts.blocksize, f.ktfbfeblks, f.ktfbfefno
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbfe f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ktfbfetsn
  and f.ktfbfetsn = fi.ts#
  and f.ktfbfefno = fi.relfile#
  and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(u) use_nl(fi) */
       ts.name, fi.file#, u.ktfbuebno,
       u.ktfbueblks * ts.blocksize, u.ktfbueblks, u.ktfbuefno
from sys.recyclebin$ rb, sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbue u, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = rb.ts#
  and rb.ts# = fi.ts#
  and u.ktfbuefno = fi.relfile#
  and u.ktfbuesegtsn = rb.ts#
  and u.ktfbuesegfno = rb.file#
  and u.ktfbuesegbno = rb.block#
  and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select ts.name, fi.file#, u.block#,
       u.length * ts.blocksize, u.length, u.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.uet$ u, sys.file$ fi, sys.recyclebin$ rb
where ts.ts# = u.ts#
  and u.ts# = fi.ts#
  and u.segfile# = fi.relfile#
  and u.ts# = rb.ts#
  and u.segfile# = rb.file#
  and u.segblock# = rb.block#
  and ts.bitmapped = 0
/

ORACLE 11g中DBA_FREE_SPACE的定義：

create or replace view DBA_FREE_SPACE
    (TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, BLOCK_ID,
     BYTES, BLOCKS, RELATIVE_FNO)
as
select ts.name, fi.file#, f.block#,
       f.length * ts.blocksize, f.length, f.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.fet$ f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ts#
  and f.ts# = fi.ts#
  and f.file# = fi.relfile#
  and ts.bitmapped = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(f) use_nl(fi) */
       ts.name, fi.file#, f.ktfbfebno,
       f.ktfbfeblks * ts.blocksize, f.ktfbfeblks, f.ktfbfefno
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbfe f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ktfbfetsn
  and f.ktfbfetsn = fi.ts#
  and f.ktfbfefno = fi.relfile#
  and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(u) use_nl(fi) */
       ts.name, fi.file#, u.ktfbuebno,
       u.ktfbueblks * ts.blocksize, u.ktfbueblks, u.ktfbuefno
from sys.recyclebin$ rb, sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbue u, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = rb.ts#
  and rb.ts# = fi.ts#
  and u.ktfbuefno = fi.relfile#
  and u.ktfbuesegtsn = rb.ts#
  and u.ktfbuesegfno = rb.file#
  and u.ktfbuesegbno = rb.block#
  and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select ts.name, fi.file#, u.block#,
       u.length * ts.blocksize, u.length, u.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.uet$ u, sys.file$ fi, sys.recyclebin$ rb
where ts.ts# = u.ts#
  and u.ts# = fi.ts#
  and u.segfile# = fi.relfile#
  and u.ts# = rb.ts#
  and u.segfile# = rb.file#
  and u.segblock# = rb.block#
  and ts.bitmapped = 0
/

 

那么在DBA_FREE_SPACE中找到的最大空閑塊是否很有可能就是回收站中曾經的一個對象呢？那么我們來測試看看。

SQL> show parameter recyclebin;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
recyclebin                           string      on

SQL> CREATE TABLE ESCMOWNER.TTT
  2  AS
  3  SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS;

Table created.

SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME, HEADER_FILE, HEADER_BLOCK
  2  FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
  3  WHERE OWNER='ESCMOWNER' AND SEGMENT_NAME='TTT' ;

OWNER        SEGMENT_NAME                     HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ------------
ESCMOWNER    TTT                                       97       113025

SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=97;

ADDR                   INDX    INST_ID  KTFBFETSN  KTFBFEFNO  KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00007F57B2388CA0        222          1          9         97     524169        120

SQL> DROP TABLE ESCMOWNER.TTT;

Table dropped.

SQL> COL ORIGINAL_NAME FOR A16;
SQL> SELECT OBJ#,OWNER#,ORIGINAL_NAME,FILE#,BLOCK# ,FLAGS,SPACE FROM RECYCLEBIN$;

      OBJ#     OWNER# ORIGINAL_NAME         FILE#     BLOCK#      FLAGS      SPACE
---------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
    805429         73 TTT                      97     113025         30        896

SQL> PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN;

DBA Recyclebin purged.

SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=97 ;

ADDR                   INDX    INST_ID  KTFBFETSN  KTFBFEFNO  KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00007F57B2388CA0        222          1          9         97     113025          8
00007F57B2388CA0        225          1          9         97     524169        120

SQL>

 

如上所示，清空回收站對象后，你會發現X$KTFBFE中多了一條記錄，KTFBFEFNO 和 KTFBFEBNO分別為97 ，113025， 這個值顯然就是刪除對象TTT曾經的FILE_ID（97）和BLOCK_ID（113025）值。

 

另外，在測試過程中發現，並不是每次的測試結果都是在X$KTFBFE中多一條記錄，有時候記錄不會變化，但是X$KTFBFE中某條記錄的KTFBFEBNO會變化，而這個變化跟清空回收站是有關系的。如下案例所示：

SQL> show parameter recyclebin;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
recyclebin                           string      on

SQL> CREATE TABLE TEST.TTT
  2  AS
  3  SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS;

Table created.

SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME, HEADER_FILE, HEADER_BLOCK
  2  FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
  3  WHERE OWNER='TEST' AND SEGMENT_NAME='TTT' ;

OWNER        SEGMENT_NAME                     HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ------------
TEST         TTT                                        5          130

SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ;

ADDR                   INDX    INST_ID  KTFBFETSN  KTFBFEFNO  KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00002BA829B19558        150          1          6          5       1280     506752
00002BA829B19558        151          1          6          5     508032      16256

SQL> DROP TABLE TEST.TTT;

Table dropped.

SQL>
SQL> COL ORIGINAL_NAME FOR A16;
SQL> SELECT OBJ#,OWNER#,ORIGINAL_NAME,FILE#,BLOCK# ,FLAGS,SPACE FROM RECYCLEBIN$;

      OBJ#     OWNER# ORIGINAL_NAME         FILE#     BLOCK#      FLAGS      SPACE
---------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
     82820         85 TTT                       5        130         30       1152

SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ;

ADDR                   INDX    INST_ID  KTFBFETSN  KTFBFEFNO  KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00002BA829B159D8        150          1          6          5       1280     506752
00002BA829B159D8        151          1          6          5     508032      16256

SQL> PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN;

DBA Recyclebin purged.

SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ;

ADDR                   INDX    INST_ID  KTFBFETSN  KTFBFEFNO  KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00002BA829B159D8        150          1          6          5        128     507904
00002BA829B159D8        151          1          6          5     508032      16256

SQL>

 

如上所示，在清空回收站的表以后，你查詢X$KTFBFE，就會發現其中一條記錄的KTFBFEBNO的變化了，它們的關系為

1280 -1152 = 128

所以，你會看到KTFBFEBNO的值從1280變為了128了。此時你查看DBA_FREE_SPACE，就會看到這樣的情況。所以當清空回收站時，有可能是數據庫將這個表的空間標記為了空閑塊，也有可能是將這個空閑塊合並到其它空閑塊去了。

X$KTFBFE其實是這幾個單詞[k]ernel [t]ablespace [f]ile [b]itmapped [f]ree [e]xtents 的首字母。關於這個系統視圖最深入的介紹，莫過於這篇文章談談Oracle dba_free_space，有興趣可以驗證、測試一下。

 

參考資料：

http://www.cnblogs.com/princessd8251/p/3868487.html

http://dbzone.iteye.com/blog/1020219