使用FFmpeg將字幕文件集成到視頻文件

本文轉載自查看原文 2017-03-17 23:37 2304 Linux

原文：http://www.yaosansi.com/post/ffmpeg-burn-subtitles-into-video

向視頻文件里添加字幕是件很常見的事，本文使用FFmpeg將字幕文件集成到視頻文件里。

字幕文件轉換

字幕文件有很多種，常見的有 .srt , .ass 文件等,下面使用FFmpeg進行相互轉換。

將.srt文件轉換成.ass文件

1	ffmpeg -i subtitle.srt subtitle.ass

將.ass文件轉換成.srt文件

1	ffmpeg -i subtitle.ass subtitle.srt

集成字幕，選擇播放

這種字幕集成比較簡單，播放時需要在播放器中選擇相應的字幕文件。

1	ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i subtitles.srt -c:s mov_text -c:v copy -c:a copy output.mp4

嵌入SRT字幕到視頻文件

單獨SRT字幕

字幕文件為subtitle.srt

1	ffmpeg -i video.avi -vf subtitles=subtitle.srt out.avi

嵌入在MKV等容器的字幕

將video.mkv中的字幕（默認）嵌入到out.avi文件

1	ffmpeg -i video.mkv -vf subtitles=video.mkv out.avi

將video.mkv中的字幕（第二個）嵌入到out.avi文件

1	ffmpeg -i video.mkv -vf subtitles=video.mkv:si=1 out.avi

嵌入ASS字幕到視頻文件

1	ffmpeg -i video.avi -vf "ass=subtitle.ass" out.avi

不能加載fontconfig文件

Fontconfig error: Cannot load default config file
[Parsed_ass_0 @ 0000000002bfa3e0] No usable fontconfig configuration file found,
 using fallback.
Fontconfig error: Cannot load default config file

出現類似錯誤的原因是無法加載字體配置文件。

環境變量

FFmpeg使用的默認字體文件是使用系統環境變量中對應的文件位置。

默認文件名：fonts.conf

環境變量 FONTCONFIG_FILE 可以覆蓋默認配置文件
環境變量 FONTCONFIG_PATH 可以覆蓋默認配置文件目錄

Linux 默認配置文件：fonts.conf

使用步驟：

以root權限登錄
建立/etc/fonts目錄
下載fonts.conf文件到/etc/fonts目錄
設置fonts.conf文件權限為可讀

Linux/Mac 系統

在~/.bashrc 最后添加：

1	export FONTCONFIG_PATH=/opt/X11/lib/X11/fontconfig

使之有效：

1	source ~/.bashrc

編輯 /opt/X11/lib/X11/fontconfig/fonts.conf 在字體目錄添加 /Library/Fonts

<!-- Font directory list -->

 <dir>/opt/X11/share/fonts</dir>
 <dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</dir>
 <dir>~/.fonts</dir>
 <dir>/Library/Fonts</dir>

Windows系統

在系統環境變量中添加：

name: FONTCONFIG_PATH
value: J:/ffmpeg (我本機ffmpeg目錄，與fonts.conf同目錄即可)

將fonts.conf文件放至上述指定目錄。

以下為yaosansi使用的fonts.conf文件：

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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<!-- /etc/fonts/fonts.conf file to configure system font access -->
<fontconfig>

<!--
 DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE.
 IT WILL BE REPLACED WHEN FONTCONFIG IS UPDATED.
 LOCAL CHANGES BELONG IN 'local.conf'.

 The intent of this standard configuration file is to be adequate for
 most environments. If you have a reasonably normal environment and
 have found problems with this configuration, they are probably
 things that others will also want fixed. Please submit any
 problems to the fontconfig bugzilla system located at fontconfig.org

 Note that the normal 'make install' procedure for fontconfig is to
 replace any existing fonts.conf file with the new version. Place
 any local customizations in local.conf which this file references.

 Keith Packard
-->

<!-- Font directory list -->

 <dir>C:/Windows/Fonts</dir>
<!--
 Accept deprecated 'mono' alias, replacing it with 'monospace'
-->
 <match target="pattern">
 <test qual="any" name="family">
 <string>mono</string>
 </test>
 <edit name="family" mode="assign">
 <string>monospace</string>
 </edit>
 </match>

<!--
 Accept alternate 'sans serif' spelling, replacing it with 'sans-serif'
-->
 <match target="pattern">
 <test qual="any" name="family">
 <string>sans serif</string>
 </test>
 <edit name="family" mode="assign">
 <string>sans-serif</string>
 </edit>
 </match>

<!--
 Accept deprecated 'sans' alias, replacing it with 'sans-serif'
-->
 <match target="pattern">
 <test qual="any" name="family">
 <string>sans</string>
 </test>
 <edit name="family" mode="assign">
 <string>sans-serif</string>
 </edit>
 </match>

<!--
 Mark common families with their generics so we'll get
 something reasonable
-->

<!--
 Serif faces
 -->
 <alias>
 <family>Times New Roman</family>
 <default><family>serif</family></default>
 </alias><!-- If the font still has no generic name, add sans-serif --> <match target="pattern"> <test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq"> <string>sans-serif</string> </test> <test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq"> <string>serif</string> </test> <test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq"> <string>monospace</string> </test> <edit name="family" mode="append_last"> <string>sans-serif</string> </edit> </match><!-- AMT provides metric and shape compatible fonts for these three web font families. --> <alias> <family>Times New Roman</family> <accept><family>Thorndale AMT</family></accept> </alias> <alias> <family>Arial</family> <accept><family>Albany AMT</family></accept> </alias> <alias> <family>Courier New</family> <accept><family>Cumberland AMT</family></accept> </alias> <!-- Some Asian fonts misadvertise themselves as monospaced when in fact they are dual-spaced (half and full). This makes FreeType very confused as it forces all widths to match. Undo this magic by disabling the width forcing code --> <match target="font"> <test name="family"><string>GulimChe</string></test> <edit name="globaladvance"><bool>false</bool></edit> </match> <match target="font"> <test name="family"><string>DotumChe</string></test> <edit name="globaladvance"><bool>false</bool></edit> </match> <match target="font"> <test name="family"><string>BatangChe</string></test> <edit name="globaladvance"><bool>false</bool></edit> </match> <match target="font"> <test name="family"><string>GungsuhChe</string></test> <edit name="globaladvance"><bool>false</bool></edit> </match> <config><!-- These are the default Unicode chars that are expected to be blank in fonts. All other blank chars are assumed to be broken and won't appear in the resulting charsets --> <blank> <int>0x0020</int> <!-- SPACE --> <int>0x00A0</int> <!-- NO-BREAK SPACE --> <int>0x00AD</int> <!-- SOFT HYPHEN --> <int>0x034F</int> <!-- COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER --> <int>0x0600</int> <!-- ARABIC NUMBER SIGN --> <int>0x0601</int> <!-- ARABIC SIGN SANAH --> <int>0x0602</int> <!-- ARABIC FOOTNOTE MARKER --> <int>0x0603</int> <!-- ARABIC SIGN SAFHA --> <int>0x06DD</int> <!-- ARABIC END OF AYAH --> <int>0x070F</int> <!-- SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK --> <int>0x115F</int> <!-- HANGUL CHOSEONG FILLER --> <int>0x1160</int> <!-- HANGUL JUNGSEONG FILLER --> <int>0x1680</int> <!-- OGHAM SPACE MARK --> <int>0x17B4</int> <!-- KHMER VOWEL INHERENT AQ --> <int>0x17B5</int> <!-- KHMER VOWEL INHERENT AA --> <int>0x180E</int> <!-- MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR --> <int>0x2000</int> <!-- EN QUAD --> <int>0x2001</int> <!-- EM QUAD --> <int>0x2002</int> <!-- EN SPACE --> <int>0x2003</int> <!-- EM SPACE --> <int>0x2004</int> <!-- THREE-PER-EM SPACE --> <int>0x2005</int> <!-- FOUR-PER-EM SPACE --> <int>0x2006</int> <!-- SIX-PER-EM SPACE --> <int>0x2007</int> <!-- FIGURE SPACE --> <int>0x2008</int> <!-- PUNCTUATION SPACE --> <int>0x2009</int> <!-- THIN SPACE --> <int>0x200A</int> <!-- HAIR SPACE --> <int>0x200B</int> <!-- ZERO WIDTH SPACE --> <int>0x200C</int> <!-- ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER --> <int>0x200D</int> <!-- ZERO WIDTH JOINER --> <int>0x200E</int> <!-- LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK --> <int>0x200F</int> <!-- RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK --> <int>0x2028</int> <!-- LINE SEPARATOR --> <int>0x2029</int> <!-- PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR --> <int>0x202A</int> <!-- LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING --> <int>0x202B</int> <!-- RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING --> <int>0x202C</int> <!-- POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING --> <int>0x202D</int> <!-- LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE --> <int>0x202E</int> <!-- RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE --> <int>0x202F</int> <!-- NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE --> <int>0x205F</int> <!-- MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE --> <int>0x2060</int> <!-- WORD JOINER --> <int>0x2061</int> <!-- FUNCTION APPLICATION --> <int>0x2062</int> <!-- INVISIBLE TIMES --> <int>0x2063</int> <!-- INVISIBLE SEPARATOR --> <int>0x206A</int> <!-- INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING --> <int>0x206B</int> <!-- ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING --> <int>0x206C</int> <!-- INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING --> <int>0x206D</int> <!-- ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING --> <int>0x206E</int> <!-- NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES --> <int>0x206F</int> <!-- NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES --> <int>0x3000</int> <!-- IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE --> <int>0x3164</int> <!-- HANGUL FILLER --> <int>0xFEFF</int> <!-- ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE --> <int>0xFFA0</int> <!-- HALFWIDTH HANGUL FILLER --> <int>0xFFF9</int> <!-- INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR --> <int>0xFFFA</int> <!-- INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR --> <int>0xFFFB</int> <!-- INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR --> </blank><!-- Rescan configuration every 30 seconds when FcFontSetList is called --> <rescan> <int>30</int> </rescan> </config></fontconfig>

參考

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