在日常的web網站部署中，經常會用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理，有一個配置需要弄清楚：配置proxy_pass時，當在后面的url加上了/，相當於是絕對根路徑，則nginx不會把location中匹配的路徑部分代理走;如果沒有/，則會把匹配的路徑部分也給代理走（這樣配置在Nginx反向代理+負載均衡簡單實現（http方式）也提到過）。
下面舉個小實例說明下：
centos7系統庫中默認是沒有nginx的rpm包的，所以我們自己需要先更新下rpm依賴庫
1）使用yum安裝nginx需要包括Nginx的庫，安裝Nginx的庫
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
2）使用下面命令安裝nginx
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx
3）nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of test!!!!
4）啟動Nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service
5）測試訪問（103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23機器的外網ip）
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of test!!!!
--------------------------看看下面幾種情況：分別用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html進行訪問測試-----------------
為了方便測試，先在另一台機器192.168.1.5上部署一個8090端口的nginx，配置如下：
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
測試訪問（103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外網ip）：
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5
192.168.1.23作為nginx反向代理機器，nginx配置如下：
1）第一種情況：
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
這樣，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目錄不需要存在根目錄/var/www/html里面
注意，終端里如果訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy（即后面不帶"/"），則會訪問失敗！因為proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/ this is 192.168.1.5 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy <html> <head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center> </body> </html>
頁面訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy的時候，會自動加上"/”（同理是由於proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"），並反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的結果
2）第二種情況，proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
那么訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，都會失敗！
這樣配置后，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3）第三種情況
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5 haha-index.html
這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4）第四種情況：相對於第三種配置的url不加"/"
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
上面配置后，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
注意，這種情況下，不能直接訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，后面就算是默認的index.html文件也要跟上，否則訪問失敗！
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上面四種方式都是匹配的path路徑后面加"/"，下面說下path路徑后面不帶"/"的情況：
1）第一種情況，proxy_pass后面url帶"/"：
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
2）第二種情況，proxy_pass后面url不帶"/"
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]#
這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/”（即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3）第三種情況
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/”（即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4）第四種情況：相對於第三種配置的url不加"/"
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
location /proxy {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy，和第三種結果一樣，同樣被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
===================================如下一簡單配置示例=============================
只有當訪問http://www.kevin.com/los/.....的時候才代理負載到http://192.168.10.24:50006/los/.... 和 http://192.168.10.25:50006/los/....上,
也就是說訪問www.kevin.com域名, 只有在后面匹配los路徑時才代理負載到192.168.10.24/25的50006端口的los路徑下, 除此之外, 訪問域名
www.kevin.com 匹配其他任何路徑(包括/, 即http://www.kevin.com) 時都跳轉到一個錯誤頁面:
[root@external-lb02 vhosts]# cat 80-www.kevin.com.conf
upstream web-inf-80 {
ip_hash;
server 192.168.10.24:50006 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=15s;
server 192.168.10.25:50006 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=15s;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.kevin.com;
access_log /data/nginx/logs/www.kevin.com-access.log main;
error_log /data/nginx/logs/www.kevin.com-error.log;
location / {
root /opt/web-inf;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /opt/web-inf;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /opt/web-inf;
}
location /los/ {
proxy_pass http://web-inf-80;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
#proxy_redirect http://web-inf/ http://www.kevin.com/;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_502 http_503 http_504;
}
}
錯誤頁面設置:
[root@external-lb02 vhosts]# cd /opt/web-inf/
[root@external-lb02 web-inf]# ls
404.html 50x.html error.html index.html
[root@external-lb02 web-inf]# cat error.html
this is error page!
[root@external-lb02 web-inf]# cat index.html
this is error page!
[root@external-lb02 web-inf]# cat 404.html
this is error page!
[root@external-lb02 web-inf]# cat 50x.html
this is error page!