python文件選擇：tkFileDialog 基礎

看了下Tkinter的文檔,對於Pop-up dialog有三類,現在用到的是tkFileDialog

tkFileDialog有兩種形式: 

一個是.askopenfilename(option=value, ...) 這個是"打開"對話框

另一個是:asksaveasfilename(option=value, ...) 這個是另存為對話框

 

option參數如下:

defaultextension = s   默認文件的擴展名

filetypes = [(label1, pattern1), (label2, pattern2), ...]   設置文件類型下拉菜單里的的選項

initialdir = D  對話框中默認的路徑

initialfile = F  對話框中初始化顯示的文件名

parent = W  父對話框(由哪個窗口彈出就在哪個上端)

title = T  彈出對話框的標題

如果選中文件的話,確認后會顯示文件的完整路徑,否則單擊取消的話會返回空字符串

 

#coding=UTF-8
# __author__ = '極致'

import Tkinter, Tkconstants, tkFileDialog

class TkFileDialogExample(Tkinter.Frame):

    def __init__(self, root):

        Tkinter.Frame.__init__(self, root)

        # options for buttons
        button_opt = {'fill': Tkconstants.BOTH, 'padx': 5, 'pady': 5}

        # define buttons
        Tkinter.Button(self, text='askopenfile', command=self.askopenfile).pack(**button_opt)
        Tkinter.Button(self, text='askopenfilename', command=self.askopenfilename).pack(**button_opt)
        Tkinter.Button(self, text='asksaveasfile', command=self.asksaveasfile).pack(**button_opt)
        Tkinter.Button(self, text='asksaveasfilename', command=self.asksaveasfilename).pack(**button_opt)
        Tkinter.Button(self, text='askdirectory', command=self.askdirectory).pack(**button_opt)

        # define options for opening or saving a file
        self.file_opt = options = {}
        options['defaultextension'] = '.txt'
        options['filetypes'] = [('all files', '.*'), ('text files', '.txt')]
        options['initialdir'] = 'C:\\'
        options['initialfile'] = 'myfile.txt'
        options['parent'] = root
        options['title'] = 'This is a title'

        # This is only available on the Macintosh, and only when Navigation Services are installed.
        #options['message'] = 'message'

        # if you use the multiple file version of the module functions this option is set automatically.
        #options['multiple'] = 1

        # defining options for opening a directory
        self.dir_opt = options = {}
        options['initialdir'] = 'C:\\'
        options['mustexist'] = False
        options['parent'] = root
        options['title'] = 'This is a title'

    def askopenfile(self):

        """Returns an opened file in read mode."""

        return tkFileDialog.askopenfile(mode='r', **self.file_opt)

    def askopenfilename(self):

        """Returns an opened file in read mode.
        This time the dialog just returns a filename and the file is opened by your own code.
        """

        # get filename
        filename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename(**self.file_opt)

        # open file on your own
        if filename:
            return open(filename, 'r')

    def asksaveasfile(self):

        """Returns an opened file in write mode."""

        return tkFileDialog.asksaveasfile(mode='w', **self.file_opt)

    def asksaveasfilename(self):

        """Returns an opened file in write mode.
        This time the dialog just returns a filename and the file is opened by your own code.
        """

        # get filename
        filename = tkFileDialog.asksaveasfilename(**self.file_opt)

        # open file on your own
        if filename:
            return open(filename, 'w')

    def askdirectory(self):

        """Returns a selected directoryname."""

        return tkFileDialog.askdirectory(**self.dir_opt)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tkinter.Tk()
    TkFileDialogExample(root).pack()
    root.mainloop()