【我的Segmentfault原文】https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000008114373
前言
關於JavaMail發送郵件的代碼，網上隨便搜搜就可以找到，但是要么寫得簡單且沒有注釋解釋，要么寫得復雜又非常雜亂。由於項目需要，花了一段時間搜集網上各類案例，熟悉JavaMail郵件發送涉及的配置，取其精華去其糟粕。在功能測試正常可用的前提下，對代碼的排版和注釋進行梳理調整，提煉出符合自己要求的功能代碼，現將它分享給大家，希望大家少走彎路，提高開發效率。代碼測試過程出現的問題，請參看《JavaMail郵件發送成功但未收到郵件的問題及解決辦法》和《使用geronimo-javamail_1.4發送郵件的有關說明》分析解決。
主要類及功能
1、EmailAuthenticator類：繼承Authenticator類的賬號密碼驗證器，主要用於創建郵件會話時調用。
2、EmailSendInfo類：郵件參數信息設置，參數包括賬號、密碼、SMTP服務器地址和服務端口等。
3、EmailSender類：電子郵件發送器，包含各種郵件發送方法，如文本形式、HTML形式和含附件形式等。
注：請到Oracle官網下載JavaMail的jar包，提供以下參考下載地址：
http://www.oracle.com/technet...
https://java.net/projects/jav...
EmailAuthenticator類
import javax.mail.*; public class EmailAuthenticator extends Authenticator{ private String userName; private String password; public EmailAuthenticator(){} public EmailAuthenticator(String username, String password) { this.userName = username; this.password = password; } protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication(){ return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password); } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } } EmailSendInfo類
import java.util.Properties; public class EmailSendInfo { // 發送郵件的服務器的IP和端口 private String mailServerHost; private String mailServerPort = "25"; // 郵件發送者的地址 private String fromAddress; // 郵件接收者的地址 private String toAddress; // 登陸郵件發送服務器的用戶名和密碼 private String userName; private String password; // 是否需要身份驗證 private boolean validate = false; // 郵件主題 private String subject; // 郵件的文本內容 private String content; // 郵件附件的文件名 private String[] attachFileNames; /** * 獲得郵件會話屬性 */ public Properties getProperties() { Properties p = new Properties(); p.put("mail.smtp.host", this.mailServerHost); p.put("mail.smtp.port", this.mailServerPort); p.put("mail.smtp.auth", validate ? "true" : "false"); return p; } public String getMailServerHost() { return mailServerHost; } public void setMailServerHost(String mailServerHost) { this.mailServerHost = mailServerHost; } public String getMailServerPort() { return mailServerPort; } public void setMailServerPort(String mailServerPort) { this.mailServerPort = mailServerPort; } public boolean isValidate() { return validate; } public void setValidate(boolean validate) { this.validate = validate; } public String[] getAttachFileNames() { return attachFileNames; } public void setAttachFileNames(String[] fileNames) { this.attachFileNames = fileNames; } public String getFromAddress() { return fromAddress; } public void setFromAddress(String fromAddress) { this.fromAddress = fromAddress; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getToAddress() { return toAddress; } public void setToAddress(String toAddress) { this.toAddress = toAddress; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getSubject() { return subject; } public void setSubject(String subject) { this.subject = subject; } public String getContent() { return content; } public void setContent(String textContent) { this.content = textContent; } } EmailSender類
為了方面大家閱讀，我將EmailSender類的內容進行了拆分，測試使用只需要將下面內容組合就可。其中main方法中的部分參數信息需要自行設置，請勿直接粘貼測試。
import配置
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Properties; import javax.activation.DataHandler; import javax.activation.FileDataSource; import javax.mail.Address; import javax.mail.BodyPart; import javax.mail.Message; import javax.mail.MessagingException; import javax.mail.Multipart; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart; 用於測試的main方法
public static void main(String[] args) { String fromaddr = "XXX@sohu.com"; String toaddr = "XXX@sohu.com"; // String title = "【測試標題】Testing Subject-myself-TEXT"; // String title = "【測試標題】Testing Subject-myself-HTML"; // String title = "【測試標題】Testing Subject-myself-eml文件"; String title = "【測試標題】Testing Subject-myself-eml文件_含多個附件"; String content = "【測試內容】Hello, this is sample for to check send email using JavaMailAPI "; String port = "25"; String host = "smtp.sohu.com"; String userName = "XXX@sohu.com"; String password = "XXX"; EmailSendInfo mailInfo = new EmailSendInfo(); mailInfo.setMailServerHost(host); mailInfo.setMailServerPort(port); mailInfo.setValidate(true); mailInfo.setUserName(userName); mailInfo.setPassword(password); mailInfo.setFromAddress(fromaddr); mailInfo.setToAddress(toaddr); mailInfo.setSubject(title); mailInfo.setContent(content); mailInfo.setAttachFileNames(new String[]{"file/XXX.jpg","file/XXX.txt"}); //發送文體格式郵件 // EmailSender.sendTextMail(mailInfo); //發送html格式郵件 // EmailSender.sendHtmlMail(mailInfo); //發送含附件的郵件 EmailSender.sendAttachmentMail(mailInfo); //讀取eml文件發送 // File emailFile = new File("file/EML_myself-eml.eml"); // File emailFile = new File("file/EML_reademl-eml文件_含文本附件.eml"); // File emailFile = new File("file/EML_reademl-eml文件_含圖片附件.eml"); // File emailFile = new File("file/EML_reademl-eml文件_含多個附件.eml"); // EmailSender.sendMail(mailInfo, emailFile); } 以文本格式發送郵件
public static boolean sendTextMail(EmailSendInfo mailInfo) { boolean sendStatus = false;//發送狀態 // 判斷是否需要身份認證 EmailAuthenticator authenticator = null; Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties(); if (mailInfo.isValidate()) { // 如果需要身份認證，則創建一個密碼驗證器 authenticator = new EmailAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword()); } // 根據郵件會話屬性和密碼驗證器構造一個發送郵件的session Session sendMailSession = Session.getInstance(pro, authenticator); //【調試時使用】開啟Session的debug模式 sendMailSession.setDebug(true); try { // 根據session創建一個郵件消息 MimeMessage mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession); // 創建郵件發送者地址 Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress()); // 設置郵件消息的發送者 mailMessage.setFrom(from); // 創建郵件的接收者地址，並設置到郵件消息中 Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress()); mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,to); // 設置郵件消息的主題 mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject(), "UTF-8"); // 設置郵件消息發送的時間 mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date()); // 設置郵件消息的主要內容 String mailContent = mailInfo.getContent(); mailMessage.setText(mailContent, "UTF-8"); // mailMessage.saveChanges(); //生成郵件文件 createEmailFile("file/EML_myself-TEXT.eml", mailMessage); // 發送郵件 Transport.send(mailMessage); sendStatus = true; } catch (MessagingException ex) { LOG.error("以文本格式發送郵件出現異常", ex); return sendStatus; } return sendStatus; } 以HTML格式發送郵件
public static boolean sendHtmlMail(EmailSendInfo mailInfo){ boolean sendStatus = false;//發送狀態 // 判斷是否需要身份認證 EmailAuthenticator authenticator = null; Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties(); //如果需要身份認證，則創建一個密碼驗證器 if (mailInfo.isValidate()) { authenticator = new EmailAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword()); } // 根據郵件會話屬性和密碼驗證器構造一個發送郵件的session Session sendMailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(pro,authenticator); //【調試時使用】開啟Session的debug模式 sendMailSession.setDebug(true); try { // 根據session創建一個郵件消息 Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession); // 創建郵件發送者地址 Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress()); // 設置郵件消息的發送者 mailMessage.setFrom(from); // 創建郵件的接收者地址，並設置到郵件消息中 Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress()); // Message.RecipientType.TO屬性表示接收者的類型為TO mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,to); // 設置郵件消息的主題 mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject()); // 設置郵件消息發送的時間 mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date()); // 設置郵件內容 mailMessage.setContent(mailInfo.getContent(), "text/html;charset=utf-8"); //生成郵件文件 createEmailFile("file/EML_myself-HTML.eml", mailMessage); // 發送郵件 Transport.send(mailMessage); sendStatus = true; } catch (MessagingException ex) { LOG.error("以HTML格式發送郵件出現異常", ex); return sendStatus; } return sendStatus; } 讀取eml文件后發送郵件
public static boolean sendMail(EmailSendInfo mailInfo, File emailFile) { boolean sendStatus = false;//發送狀態 // 判斷是否需要身份認證 EmailAuthenticator authenticator = null; Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties(); if (mailInfo.isValidate()) { // 如果需要身份認證，則創建一個密碼驗證器 authenticator = new EmailAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword()); } // 根據郵件會話屬性和密碼驗證器構造一個發送郵件的session Session sendMailSession = Session.getInstance(pro, authenticator); //【調試時使用】開啟Session的debug模式 sendMailSession.setDebug(true); try { InputStream source = new FileInputStream(emailFile); // 根據session創建一個郵件消息 Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession, source); // 發送郵件 Transport.send(mailMessage); //【重要】關閉輸入流，否則會導致文件無法移動或刪除 source.close(); sendStatus = true; } catch (MessagingException e) { LOG.error("以文本格式發送郵件出現異常", e); return sendStatus; } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { LOG.error("FileNotFoundException", e); return sendStatus; } catch (Exception e) { LOG.error("Exception", e); return sendStatus; } return sendStatus; } 以含附件形式發送郵件
public static boolean sendAttachmentMail(EmailSendInfo mailInfo) { boolean sendStatus = false;//發送狀態 // 判斷是否需要身份認證 EmailAuthenticator authenticator = null; Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties(); if (mailInfo.isValidate()) { // 如果需要身份認證，則創建一個密碼驗證器 authenticator = new EmailAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword()); } // 根據郵件會話屬性和密碼驗證器構造一個發送郵件的session Session sendMailSession = Session.getInstance(pro, authenticator); //【調試時使用】開啟Session的debug模式 sendMailSession.setDebug(true); try { // 根據session創建一個郵件消息 MimeMessage mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession); // 創建郵件發送者地址 Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress()); // 設置郵件消息的發送者 mailMessage.setFrom(from); // 創建郵件的接收者地址，並設置到郵件消息中 Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress()); mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,to); // 設置郵件消息的主題 mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject(), "UTF-8"); // 設置郵件消息發送的時間 mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date()); // 設置郵件消息的主要內容 String mailContent = mailInfo.getContent(); // MiniMultipart類是一個容器類，包含MimeBodyPart類型的對象 Multipart mainPart = new MimeMultipart(); // 創建一個包含HTML內容的MimeBodyPart BodyPart bodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); //設置TEXT內容 // bodyPart.setText(mailInfo.getContent()); // 設置HTML內容 bodyPart.setContent(mailInfo.getContent(), "text/html; charset=utf-8"); mainPart.addBodyPart(bodyPart); //設置附件 String[] filenames = mailInfo.getAttachFileNames(); for (int i = 0; i < filenames.length; i++) { // Part two is attachment bodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); String filename = filenames[i];//1.txt/sohu_mail.jpg // DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename); FileDataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename); bodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source)); bodyPart.setFileName(source.getName()); mainPart.addBodyPart(bodyPart); } // 將MiniMultipart對象設置為郵件內容 mailMessage.setContent(mainPart); //生成郵件文件 createEmailFile("file/EML_reademl-eml文件_含多個附件.eml", mailMessage); // 發送郵件 Transport.send(mailMessage); sendStatus = true; } catch (MessagingException ex) { LOG.error("以文本格式發送郵件出現異常", ex); return sendStatus; } return sendStatus; } 生成郵件文件
public static void createEmailFile(String fileName, Message mailMessage) throws MessagingException { File f = new File(fileName); try { mailMessage.writeTo(new FileOutputStream(f)); } catch (IOException e) { LOG.error("IOException", e); } }