exclude和include參數能夠在使用expdp或impdp是對特定的對象或對象類型進行篩選或過濾。比如因工作的需要導出特定的表或不導出特定
的表、視圖以及存儲過程、索引、約束、授權統計信息等等。下面將給出expdp或impdp使用exclude和include參數的方法和示例。
一、exclude/include參數用法：
EXCLUDE=[object_type]:[name_clause],[object_type]:[name_clause] -->排出特定對象
INCLUDE=[object_type]:[name_clause],[object_type]:[name_clause] -->包含特定對象
object_type子句用於指定對象的類型，如table,sequence,view,procedure,package等等
name_clause子句可以為SQL表達式用於過濾特定的對象名字。它由SQL操作符以及對象名(可使用通配符)來過濾指定對象類型中的特定對象。
當未指定name_clause而僅僅指定object_type則所有該類型的對象都將被過濾或篩選。多個[object_type]:[name_clause]中間以逗號分割。
示例：
expdp <other_parameters> SCHEMAS=scott EXCLUDE=SEQUENCE,TABLE:"IN ('EMP','DEPT')"
impdp <other_parameters> SCHEMAS=scott INCLUDE=PACKAGE,FUNCTION,PROCEDURE,TABLE:"='EMP'"
二、常用的過濾SQL表達式
EXCLUDE=SEQUENCE,VIEW --過濾所有的SEQUENCE,VIEW
EXCLUDE=TABLE:"IN ('EMP','DEPT')" --過濾表對象EMP,DEPT
EXCLUDE=SEQUENCE,VIEW,TABLE:"IN ('EMP','DEPT')" --過濾所有的SEQUENCE,VIEW以及表對象EMP,DEPT
EXCLUDE=INDEX:"= 'INDX_NAME'" --過濾指定的索引對象INDX_NAME
INCLUDE=PROCEDURE:"LIKE 'PROC_U%'" --包含以PROC_U開頭的所有存儲過程(_ 符號代表任意單個字符)
INCLUDE=TABLE:"> 'E' " --包含大於字符E的所有表對象
其它常用操作符 NOT IN, NOT LIKE, <, != 等等
直接將過濾操作符封裝到參數文件中，如下面的例子
Parameter file:exp_scott.par
DIRECTORY = dump_scott
DUMPFILE = exp_scott_%U.dmp
LOGFILE = exp_scott.log
SCHEMAS = scott
PARALLEL= 2
EXCLUDE = TABLE:"IN ('EMP', 'DEPT')"
expdp system/manager parfile=exp.par
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三、命令行下轉義符的處理
Windows平台:
D:\> expdp system/manager DIRECTORY=my_dir DUMPFILE=exp_tab.dmp LOGFILE=exp_tab.log SCHEMAS=scott
INCLUDE=TABLE:\"IN ('EMP', 'DEPT')\"
在Windows平台下，需要對象雙引號進行轉義，使用轉義符\
Unix平台:
在未使用parfile文件的情形下，所有的符號都需要進行轉義，包括括號，雙引號，單引號等
% expdp system/manager DIRECTORY=my_dir DUMPFILE=exp_tab.dmp LOGFILE=exp_tab.log SCHEMAS=scott
INCLUDE=TABLE:\"IN \'EMP\', \'DEP\'\"
四、exclude/include常見的錯誤
任意需要轉義的字符如果未轉義或轉義錯誤，都會產生ORA錯誤。下面給出幾種常見的ORA錯誤。
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39071: Value for INCLUDE is badly formed.
ORA-00936: missing expression
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39071: Value for EXCLUDE is badly formed.
ORA-00904: “DEPT”: invalid identifier
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39041: Filter “INCLUDE” either identifies all object types or no object types.
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39041: Filter “EXCLUDE” either identifies all object types or no object types
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39038: Object path “USER” is not supported for TABLE jobs.
五、導出示例
-->導出不包含sequence，表EMP，DEPT的其它所有對象
[Oracle@orasrv scott]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dump_scott dumpfile=fliter_1.dmp log=fliter_1.log schemas=scott \
> exclude=sequence,table:\" in \'EMP\',\'DEPT\'\"
-->包含大於字符T的所有表對象
[oracle@orasrv ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dump_scott dumpfile=tmp.dmp logfile=tmp.log include=table:\"\>\'T\'\"
...........
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 18.06 MB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PARL" 7.020 MB 72598 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TT" 7.009 MB 72493 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."XP":"P2" 5.398 KB 1 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/home/oracle/dump/scott/tmp.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 14:24:55
-->僅僅導入表對象TT，如果存在則將其替換
[oracle@orasrv scott]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=dump_scott dumpfile=tmp.dmp logfile=tmp_imp.log \
> include=table:\" =\'TT\' \" table_exists_action=replace
.............
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": scott/******** directory=dump_scott dumpfile=tmp.dmp logfile=tmp_imp.log
include=table:" ='TT' " table_exists_action=replace
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."TT" 7.009 MB 72493 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 14:59:32
-->下面是一個實際實際導出過程中的parfile參數,exclude參數用於排出所有包含BAK的表對象,以及一些索引對象,使用了in,like運算符
userid=goex_admin
directory=DB_DUMP_DIR
dumpfile=sybo2_full_%U.dmp
logfile=sybo2_full.log
exclude=table:"like '%BAK%'",index:" in ('PK_ACC_POS_CASH_PL_TBL_ARC_11','pk_acc_pos_cash_tbl_arc_11',
'PK_ACC_POS_STOCK_ARCH_TBL_11','I_ACC_POS_STOCK_TBL_ARC_DT','I_ACC_POS_CASH_PL_ARCH_TBL_DT') ",
table:"in ('ACC_POS_STOCK_TBL_ARC')"
filesize=5368709120
schemas=goex_admin
-->下面是一個使用query查詢過濾的情形
-->該操作導出的schema為scott，表對象emp中deptno=20，以及dept表中deptno=20的記錄被導出，這兩個表中的其余記錄被過濾
-->該操作除上述過濾以后的所有對象將被一一導出
expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=scott_filter.dmp logfile=scott_filter.log directory=DB_DUMP_DIR schemas=scott \
> query=scott.emp:'"where deptno=20"',scott.dept:'"where deptno=20"'