linux下網卡bonding配置

本文轉載自查看原文 2017-03-09 18:22 33763 運維系列/ 運維雜記

章節

bonding技術
centos7配置bonding
centos6配置bonding

一、bonding技術

bonding(綁定)是一種linux系統下的網卡綁定技術，可以把服務器上n個物理網卡在系統內部抽象(綁定)成一個邏輯上的網卡，能夠提升網絡吞吐量、實現網絡冗余、負載等功能，有很多優勢。

bonding技術是linux系統內核層面實現的，它是一個內核模塊(驅動)。使用它需要系統有這個模塊, 我們可以modinfo命令查看下這個模塊的信息, 一般來說都支持.

# modinfo bonding
filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/bonding/bonding.ko
author:         Thomas Davis, tadavis@lbl.gov and many others
description:    Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver, v3.7.1
version:        3.7.1
license:        GPL
alias:          rtnl-link-bond
srcversion:     F6C1815876DCB3094C27C71
depends:        
vermagic:       2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions 
parm:           max_bonds:Max number of bonded devices (int)
parm:           tx_queues:Max number of transmit queues (default = 16) (int)
parm:           num_grat_arp:Number of peer notifications to send on failover event (alias of num_unsol_na) (int)
parm:           num_unsol_na:Number of peer notifications to send on failover event (alias of num_grat_arp) (int)
parm:           miimon:Link check interval in milliseconds (int)
parm:           updelay:Delay before considering link up, in milliseconds (int)
parm:           downdelay:Delay before considering link down, in milliseconds (int)
parm:           use_carrier:Use netif_carrier_ok (vs MII ioctls) in miimon; 0 for off, 1 for on (default) (int)
parm:           mode:Mode of operation; 0 for balance-rr, 1 for active-backup, 2 for balance-xor, 3 for broadcast, 4 for 802.3ad, 5 for balance-tlb, 6 for balance-alb (charp)
parm:           primary:Primary network device to use (charp)
parm:           primary_reselect:Reselect primary slave once it comes up; 0 for always (default), 1 for only if speed of primary is better, 2 for only on active slave failure (charp)
parm:           lacp_rate:LACPDU tx rate to request from 802.3ad partner; 0 for slow, 1 for fast (charp)
parm:           ad_select:803.ad aggregation selection logic; 0 for stable (default), 1 for bandwidth, 2 for count (charp)
parm:           min_links:Minimum number of available links before turning on carrier (int)
parm:           xmit_hash_policy:balance-xor and 802.3ad hashing method; 0 for layer 2 (default), 1 for layer 3+4, 2 for layer 2+3 (charp)
parm:           arp_interval:arp interval in milliseconds (int)
parm:           arp_ip_target:arp targets in n.n.n.n form (array of charp)
parm:           arp_validate:validate src/dst of ARP probes; 0 for none (default), 1 for active, 2 for backup, 3 for all (charp)
parm:           arp_all_targets:fail on any/all arp targets timeout; 0 for any (default), 1 for all (charp)
parm:           fail_over_mac:For active-backup, do not set all slaves to the same MAC; 0 for none (default), 1 for active, 2 for follow (charp)
parm:           all_slaves_active:Keep all frames received on an interface by setting active flag for all slaves; 0 for never (default), 1 for always. (int)
parm:           resend_igmp:Number of IGMP membership reports to send on link failure (int)
parm:           packets_per_slave:Packets to send per slave in balance-rr mode; 0 for a random slave, 1 packet per slave (default), >1 packets per slave. (int)
parm:           lp_interval:The number of seconds between instances where the bonding driver sends learning packets to each slaves peer switch. The default is 1. (uint)

modinfo bonding

bonding的七種工作模式:

bonding技術提供了七種工作模式，在使用的時候需要指定一種，每種有各自的優缺點.

balance-rr (mode=0) 默認, 有高可用 (容錯) 和負載均衡的功能, 需要交換機的配置，每塊網卡輪詢發包 (流量分發比較均衡).
active-backup (mode=1) 只有高可用 (容錯) 功能, 不需要交換機配置, 這種模式只有一塊網卡工作, 對外只有一個mac地址。缺點是端口利用率比較低
balance-xor (mode=2) 不常用
broadcast (mode=3) 不常用
802.3ad (mode=4) IEEE 802.3ad 動態鏈路聚合，需要交換機配置，沒用過
balance-tlb (mode=5) 不常用
balance-alb (mode=6) 有高可用 ( 容錯 )和負載均衡的功能，不需要交換機配置 (流量分發到每個接口不是特別均衡)

具體的網上有很多資料，了解每種模式的特點根據自己的選擇就行, 一般會用到0、1、4、6這幾種模式。

二、Centos7配置bonding

環境:

系統: Centos7
網卡: em1、em2
bond0：172.16.0.183
負載模式: mode6（adaptive load balancing）

服務器上兩張物理網卡em1和em2, 通過綁定成一個邏輯網卡bond0，bonding模式選擇mode6

注: ip地址配置在bond0上, 物理網卡不需要配置ip地址.

1、關閉和停止NetworkManager服務

systemctl stop NetworkManager.service     # 停止NetworkManager服務
systemctl disable NetworkManager.service  # 禁止開機啟動NetworkManager服務

ps: 一定要關閉，不關會對做bonding有干擾

2、加載bonding模塊

modprobe --first-time bonding

沒有提示說明加載成功, 如果出現modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'bonding': Module already in kernel說明你已經加載了這個模塊, 就不用管了

你也可以使用lsmod | grep bonding查看模塊是否被加載

lsmod | grep bonding
bonding               136705  0

3、創建基於bond0接口的配置文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0

修改成如下，根據你的情況:

DEVICE=bond0
TYPE=Bond
IPADDR=172.16.0.183
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=172.16.0.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
BONDING_MASTER=yes
BONDING_OPTS="mode=6 miimon=100"

上面的BONDING_OPTS="mode=6 miimon=100" 表示這里配置的工作模式是mode6(adaptive load balancing), miimon表示監視網絡鏈接的頻度 (毫秒), 我們設置的是100毫秒, 根據你的需求也可以指定mode成其它的負載模式。

4、修改em1接口的配置文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em1

修改成如下:

DEVICE=em1
USERCTL=no
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0                  # 需要和上面的ifcfg-bond0配置文件中的DEVICE的值對應
SLAVE=yes
BOOTPROTO=none

5、修改em2接口的配置文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em2

修改成如下:

DEVICE=em2
USERCTL=no
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0                 # 需要和上的ifcfg-bond0配置文件中的DEVICE的值對應
SLAVE=yes
BOOTPROTO=none

6、測試

重啟網絡服務

systemctl restart network

查看bond0的接口狀態信息 ( 如果報錯說明沒做成功，很有可能是bond0接口沒起來)

# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Bonding Mode: adaptive load balancing // 綁定模式: 當前是ald模式(mode 6), 也就是高可用和負載均衡模式
Primary Slave: None
Currently Active Slave: em1
MII Status: up                           // 接口狀態: up(MII是Media Independent Interface簡稱, 接口的意思)
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100           // 接口輪詢的時間隔(這里是100ms)
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: em1                     // 備接口: em0
MII Status: up // 接口狀態: up(MII是Media Independent Interface簡稱, 接口的意思)
Speed: 1000 Mbps                         // 端口的速率是1000 Mpbs
Duplex: full                             // 全雙工
Link Failure Count: 0                    // 鏈接失敗次數: 0 
Permanent HW addr: 84:2b:2b:6a:76:d4      // 永久的MAC地址
Slave queue ID: 0

Slave Interface: em1                     // 備接口: em1
MII Status: up                          // 接口狀態: up(MII是Media Independent Interface簡稱, 接口的意思)
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full                             // 全雙工
Link Failure Count: 0                    // 鏈接失敗次數: 0
Permanent HW addr: 84:2b:2b:6a:76:d5     // 永久的MAC地址
Slave queue ID: 0

通過ifconfig命令查看下網絡的接口信息

# ifconfig

bond0: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.16.0.183  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.16.0.255
        inet6 fe80::862b:2bff:fe6a:76d4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 84:2b:2b:6a:76:d4  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 11183  bytes 1050708 (1.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 5152  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 5329  bytes 452979 (442.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

em1: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 84:2b:2b:6a:76:d4  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 3505  bytes 335210 (327.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 1  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 2852  bytes 259910 (253.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

em2: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 84:2b:2b:6a:76:d5  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 5356  bytes 495583 (483.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 4390  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1546  bytes 110385 (107.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 17  bytes 2196 (2.1 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 17  bytes 2196 (2.1 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

測試網絡高可用, 我們拔掉其中一根網線進行測試, 結論是：

在本次mode=6模式下丟包1個, 恢復網絡時( 網絡插回去 ) 丟包在5-6個左右，說明高可用功能正常但恢復的時候丟包會比較多
測試mode=1模式下丟包1個，恢復網絡時( 網線插回去 ) 基本上沒有丟包，說明高可用功能和恢復的時候都正常
mode6這種負載模式除了故障恢復的時候有丟包之外其它都挺好的，如果能夠忽略這點的話可以這種模式；而mode1故障的切換和恢復都很快，基本沒丟包和延時。但端口利用率比較低，因為這種主備的模式只有一張網卡在工作.

三、Centos6配置bonding

Centos6配置bonding和上面的Cetons7做bonding基本一樣，只是配置有些不同.

系統: Centos6
網卡: em1、em2
bond0：172.16.0.183
負載模式: mode1（adaptive load balancing）  # 這里的負載模式為1，也就是主備模式.

1、關閉和停止NetworkManager服務

service  NetworkManager stop
chkconfig NetworkManager off

ps: 如果有裝的話關閉它，如果報錯說明沒有裝這個，那就不用管

2、加載bonding模塊

modprobe --first-time bonding

3、創建基於bond0接口的配置文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0

修改如下 (根據你的需要)：

DEVICE=bond0
TYPE=Bond
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.16.0.183
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=172.16.0.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
USERCTL=no
BONDING_OPTS="mode=6 miimon=100"

4、加載bond0接口到內核

vi /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf

修改成如下:

alias bond0 bonding

5、編輯em1、em2的接口文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em1

修改成如下:

DEVICE=em1
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em2

修改成如下:

DEVICE=em2
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none

6、加載模塊、重啟網絡與測試

modprobe bonding
service network restart

查看bondo接口的狀態

cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)  # bond0接口當前的負載模式是主備模式
Primary Slave: None
Currently Active Slave: em2
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: em1
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 2
Permanent HW addr: 84:2b:2b:6a:76:d4
Slave queue ID: 0

Slave Interface: em2
MII Status: up
Speed: 1000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 84:2b:2b:6a:76:d5
Slave queue ID: 0

通過ifconfig命令查看下接口的狀態，你會發現mode=1模式下所有的mac地址都是一致的，說明對外邏輯就是一個mac地址

ifconfig 
bond0: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::862b:2bff:fe6a:76d4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 84:2b:2b:6a:76:d4  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 147436  bytes 14519215 (13.8 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 70285  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 10344  bytes 970333 (947.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

em1: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 84:2b:2b:6a:76:d4  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 63702  bytes 6302768 (6.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 64285  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 344  bytes 35116 (34.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

em2: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 84:2b:2b:6a:76:d4  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 65658  bytes 6508173 (6.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 6001  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1708  bytes 187627 (183.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 31  bytes 3126 (3.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 31  bytes 3126 (3.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

進行高可用測試，拔掉其中的一條網線看丟包和延時情況, 然后在插回網線(模擬故障恢復)，再看丟包和延時的情況.

一些參考:

http://www.tuicool.com/articles/b6ZVNr

http://www.cnblogs.com/dkblog/p/3613407.html (bound的七種模式)

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