存儲過程的特點:
1. 存儲過程是應用程序的邏輯處理單元,可以共享給多個應用程序,確保了數據訪問和操作的一致性,提高了程序的維護性。只修改存儲過程不用更新應用程序。 2.創建存儲過程,會對其進行語法分析,並且存儲在系統表syspbjects 和 syscomments。第一次執行會進行優化和編譯,並且存儲在高速緩存中。之后的調用就直接調取緩存中的,不需要再次編譯。從而提高系統的執行效率。 3.存儲過程也可以確保操作的完整性,如果用戶被授權允許調用該存儲過程,即使用戶沒有權限訪問存儲過程中所參考的表和視圖,也可以完全執行該存儲過程。 4.存儲過程是存放在系統服務器上的,調用只需要傳送一條命令即可,減少流量的消耗。
無論是觸發器還是存儲過程,都是sql語句和邏輯控制語句的集合,就本質而言,觸發器也是一種存儲過程。 調用存儲過程要保留 關鍵字 exec 。
存儲過程分為:系統存儲過程和用戶自定義存儲過程。
系統存儲過程放在master數據庫下,以sp_開頭,用戶新建數據表,系統會自動創建一些系統存過程。
一下介紹幾個系統存儲過程:
exec sp_databases; --查看數據庫 exec sp_tables; --查看表 exec sp_columns student;--查看列 exec sp_helpIndex student;--查看索引 exec sp_helpConstraint student;--約束 exec sp_helptext 'sp_stored_procedures';--查看存儲過程創建、定義語句 exec sp_rename student, stuInfo;--修改表、索引、列的名稱 exec sp_renamedb myTempDB, myDB;--更改數據庫名稱 exec sp_defaultdb 'master', 'myDB';--更改登錄名的默認數據庫 exec sp_helpdb;--數據庫幫助,查詢數據庫信息 exec sp_helpdb master;
用戶自定義存儲過程:
--語法 create proc | procedure pro_name [{@參數數據類型} [=默認值] [output], {@參數數據類型} [=默認值] [output], .... ] as SQL_statements
--不帶參數 if (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'proc_get_student'))
drop proc proc_get_student
go
create proc proc_get_student
as
select * from student;
--調用、執行存儲過程
exec proc_get_student;
--修改存儲過程
alter proc proc_get_student
as
select * from student;
--帶參存儲過程
if (object_id('proc_find_stu', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_find_stu
go
create proc proc_find_stu(@startId int, @endId int)
as
select * from student where id between @startId and @endId
go
exec proc_find_stu 2, 4;
--帶通配符參數存儲過程
if (object_id('proc_findStudentByName', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_findStudentByName
go
create proc proc_findStudentByName(@name varchar(20) = '%j%', @nextName varchar(20) = '%')
as
select * from student where name like @name and name like @nextName;
go
exec proc_findStudentByName;
exec proc_findStudentByName '%o%', 't%';
--帶輸出參數
if (object_id('proc_getStudentRecord', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_getStudentRecord
go
create proc proc_getStudentRecord(
@id int, --默認輸入參數
@name varchar(20) out, --輸出參數
@age varchar(20) output--輸入輸出參數
)
as
select @name = name, @age = age from student where id = @id and sex = @age;
go
--
declare @id int,
@name varchar(20),
@temp varchar(20);
set @id = 7;
set @temp = 1;
exec proc_getStudentRecord @id, @name out, @temp output;
select @name, @temp;
print @name + '#' + @temp;
--不緩存存儲過程
--WITH RECOMPILE 不緩存
if (object_id('proc_temp', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_temp
go
create proc proc_temp
with recompile
as
select * from student;
go
exec proc_temp;
--加密WITH ENCRYPTION
if (object_id('proc_temp_encryption', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_temp_encryption
go
create proc proc_temp_encryption
with encryption
as
select * from student;
go
exec proc_temp_encryption;
exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp';
exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp_encryption';
if (object_id('proc_cursor', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc proc_cursor
@cur cursor varying output
as
set @cur = cursor forward_only static for
select id, name, age from student;
open @cur;
go
--調用
declare @exec_cur cursor;
declare @id int,
@name varchar(20),
@age int;
exec proc_cursor @cur = @exec_cur output;--調用存儲過程
fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
while (@@fetch_status = 0)
begin
fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age;
print 'id: ' + convert(varchar, @id) + ', name: ' + @name + ', age: ' + convert(char, @age);
end
close @exec_cur;
deallocate @exec_cur;--刪除游標
---存儲過程、row_number完成分頁
if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null)
drop proc proc_cursor
go
create proc pro_page
@startIndex int,
@endIndex int
as
select count(*) from product
;
select * from (
select row_number() over(order by pid) as rowId, * from product
) temp
where temp.rowId between @startIndex and @endIndex
go
--drop proc pro_page
exec pro_page 1, 4
--
--分頁存儲過程
if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null)
drop proc pro_stu
go
create procedure pro_stu(
@pageIndex int,
@pageSize int
)
as
declare @startRow int, @endRow int
set @startRow = (@pageIndex - 1) * @pageSize +1
set @endRow = @startRow + @pageSize -1
select * from (
select *, row_number() over (order by id asc) as number from student
) t
where t.number between @startRow and @endRow;
exec pro_stu 2, 2;