Mongo DB 是目前在IT行業非常流行的一種非關系型數據庫(NoSql),其靈活的數據存儲方式備受當前IT從業人員的青睞。Mongo DB很好的實現了面向對象的思想(OO思想),在Mongo DB中 每一條記錄都是一個Document對象。Mongo DB最大的優勢在於所有的數據持久操作都無需開發人員手動編寫SQL語句,直接調用方法就可以輕松的實現CRUD操作。本文介紹了如何快速安裝mongodb供大家參考。
一、安裝配置mongodb
Step 1: 設置系統環境及確保缺省端口27107可用
###當前環境
# cat /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
Step 2: 下載安裝文件
下載地址： https://www.mongodb.org/downloads.
或者直接在命令提示符下使用curl命令下載
curl -O https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.6.tgz
Step 3: 解壓下載的文件
# pwd
/usr/local/src
# tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.gz ###注，本文直接從網站下載，所以文件為.gz
Step 4: 復制解壓文件到運行目錄
# mkdir -p /var/lib/mongodb
# cp -R -n /usr/local/src/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6/. /var/lib/mongodb/
Step 5: 設置環境變量
e.g. export PATH=<mongodb-install-directory>/bin:$PATH
# vi ~/.bash_profile
export PATH=/var/lib/mongodb/bin:$PATH
# source ~/.bash_profile
Step 6: 創建數據目錄
# mkdir -p /data/mongodata
二、啟動及驗證mongodb
###啟動mongo
# mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata
###以下內容為啟動后輸出的相關信息
2015-10-28T10:03:33.100+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] journal dir=/data/mongodata/journal
2015-10-28T10:03:33.101+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recovery needed
2015-10-28T10:03:33.264+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] preallocateIsFaster=true 2.18
2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL [durability] Durability thread started
2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL [journal writer] Journal writer thread started
2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=10191 port=27017 dbpath=/data/mongodata 64-bit host=java_2
2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.0.6
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build info: Linux ip-10-67-194-123 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Nov 9 08:03:13 EST 2011 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_49
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/data/mongodata" } }
2015-10-28T10:03:33.404+0800 I INDEX [initandlisten] allocating new ns file /data/mongodata/local.ns, filling with zeroes...
2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, filling with zeroes...
2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] creating directory /data/mongodata/_tmp
2015-10-28T10:03:33.497+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, size: 64MB, took 0.001 secs
2015-10-28T10:03:33.511+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017
###停止mongo，直接使用ctrl + c
^C2015-10-28T10:09:21.510+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] got signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] now exiting
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close listening sockets...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 5
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 6
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] removing socket file: /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to flush diaglog...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close sockets...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: final commit...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] journalCleanup...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] removeJournalFiles
2015-10-28T10:09:21.515+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] Terminating durability thread ...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL [journal writer] Journal writer thread stopped
2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL [durability] Durability thread stopped
2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: closing all files...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] closeAllFiles() finished
2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: removing fs lock...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] dbexit: rc: 0
###修復啟動過程中的兩個警告，關於使用root用戶啟動mongo的警告先忽略
# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
###再次重啟，后置於后台進程，
# mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata &
###查看啟動后的進程
# ps -ef|grep mongo |grep -v grep
root 11115 27956 0 10:11 pts/2 00:00:00 mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata
# lsof -i:27017
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mongod 11115 root 5u IPv4 50567119 0t0 TCP *:27017 (LISTEN)
###使用mongo連接到mongod
# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.6
connecting to: test
2015-10-28T10:14:30.685+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:53907 #1 (1 connection now open)
Server has startup warnings:
2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
> help
db.help() help on db methods
db.mycoll.help() help on collection methods
sh.help() sharding helpers
rs.help() replica set helpers
help admin administrative help
help connect connecting to a db help
help keys key shortcuts
help misc misc things to know
help mr mapreduce
show dbs show database names
show collections show collections in current database
show users show users in current database
show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
show logs show the accessible logger names
show log [name] prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default
use <db_name> set current database
db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo
db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1
it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x set default number of items to display on shell
exit quit the mongo shell
> db.getCollection("version");
test.version
> exit
bye
三、mongodb相關工具
###在安裝文件下有README，描述了常用的mongodb相關命令行工具
# more /usr/local/mongodb/README
MongoDB README
Welcome to MongoDB!
COMPONENTS
bin/mongod - The database process.
bin/mongos - Sharding controller.
bin/mongo - The database shell (uses interactive javascript).
UTILITIES
bin/mongodump - MongoDB dump tool - for backups, snapshots, etc..
bin/mongorestore - MongoDB restore a dump
bin/mongoexport - Export a single collection to test (JSON, CSV)
bin/mongoimport - Import from JSON or CSV
bin/mongofiles - Utility for putting and getting files from MongoDB GridFS
bin/mongostat - Show performance statistics
RUNNING
For command line options invoke:
$ ./mongod --help
To run a single server database:
$ mkdir /data/db
$ ./mongod
$
$ # The mongo javascript shell connects to localhost and test database by default:
$ ./mongo
> help
DRIVERS
Client drivers for most programming languages are available at mongodb.org. Use the
shell ("mongo") for administrative tasks.
###獲取單個命令用法
# <command> --help
# mongod --help|more
Options:
General options:
-h [ --help ] show this usage information
--version show version information
# mongod --version
db version v3.0.6
git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2
轉載自：http://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/details/49465751