linux開啟后終端按下面輸入(容易忘記，記錄下)；
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop #先關閉監聽服務
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start #開啟監聽服務
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba #登入
SQL> shutdown immediate #立即關閉數據庫服務（一般是關閉狀態）
SQL> startup #開啟數據庫服務（重要，必輸）
SQL> exit #退出
SQL> sqlplus scott/tiger@192.168.78.130/orcl #連接scott用戶
SQL> select * from tab; #test查詢表
解決問題：ORA-12514 TNS 監聽程序當前無法識別連接描述符中請求服務
測試環境：CentOS-7 + Oracle 11g 64位
相關說明：
數據庫服務器：
Oracle11g64位軟件的安裝位置為data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1，數據庫名為默認的orcl,
CentOS7虛擬機的IP設置為：192.168.78.130
Windows7客戶端：
1、PLSQL安裝位置：C:\Program Files\PLSQL Developer
InstantClient存放位置：C:\Program Files\PLSQL Developer\instantclient_11_2，並創建文件network，創建文件夾admin；
2.在C:\Program Files\PLSQL Developer\instantclient_11_2\network\admin新建tnsnames.ora,用記事本編輯.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 虛擬機IP)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
))
3.添加一個環境變量，名為TNS_ADMIN，值為tnsnames.ora文件所在路徑C:\Program Files\PLSQL Developer\instantclient_11_2\network\admin，plsql通過這個找到orcl連接字符串
4.添加一個環境變量NLS_LANG = SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
5.打開PLSQL,不用登陸,工具-首選項-ORACLE-連接:
勾選檢查連接
Oracle主目錄： C:\Program Files\PLSQL Developer\instantclient_11_2
OCI庫：C:\Program Files\PLSQL Developer\instantclient_11_2\network\admin\oci.dll
遇到問題：
使用plsql連接數據庫服務器：“ORA-12514 TNS 監聽程序當前無法識別連接描述符中請求服務”
解決辦法簡述：
1.修改\data\oracle\product\11.2.0\db_1\network\admin\listener.ora中的localhost改為192.168.78.130
2.修改\data\oracle\product\11.2.0\db_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora中的localhost 改為 192.168.78.130
3.修改后，重啟oracle，監聽，並注冊，主win7上的plsql就可以遠程連接虛擬機上的數據庫了.
具體操作步驟如下：
一、修改數據庫服務器中listener.ora文件內容
命令:
[oracle@localhost admin]$ vi /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
原始內容:
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/oracle
修改為：
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.78.130)(PORT = 1521)))
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/oracle
二、修改數據庫服務器中tnsnames.ora文件內容
命令:
[oracle@localhost admin]$ vi /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
原始內容:
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
修改后的內容：
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.78.130)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = orcl)
)
)
三、在數據庫服務器中啟動監聽並更新注冊
1、命令：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop #先關閉監聽服務
輸出：
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-FEB-2017 21:19:42
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@localhost ~]$
2、命令：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start #開啟監聽服務
輸出:
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-FEB-2017 21:24:22
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 19-FEB-2017 21:24:22
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@localhost ~]$
3、命令：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba #登入
輸出：
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Feb 19 21:27:40 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
命令：
SQL> shutdown immediate #立即關閉數據庫服務
輸出：
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
命令:
SQL> startup #開啟數據庫服務
輸出：
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1586708480 bytes
Fixed Size 2213736 bytes
Variable Size 939526296 bytes
Database Buffers 637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers 7434240 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
命令：
SQL> alter system register; #注冊
輸出：
System altered.
SQL>
命令：
SQL> quit #登出
輸出：
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost ~]$
命令：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status #查看監聽狀態
輸出：
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-FEB-2017 21:37:20
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 19-FEB-2017 21:24:22
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 12 min. 57 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@localhost ~]$
四、Windows7客戶端下的測試步驟：使用plsqldev.exe測試，修改
C:\Program Files\PLSQL Developer\instantclient_11_2\network\admin \tnsnames.ora
文件，新增到虛擬機Oracle的連接內容
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
CentosOracle =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.78.130)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
運行plsql,使用SYS用戶登錄成功（我這里使用scott用戶）
linux開啟后終端按下面輸入；
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop #先關閉監聽服務
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start #開啟監聽服務
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba #登入
SQL> shutdown immediate #立即關閉數據庫服務（一般是關閉狀態）
SQL> startup #開啟數據庫服務（重要，必輸）
SQL> exit #退出
SQL> sqlplus scott/tiger@192.168.78.130/orcl #連接scott用戶
SQL> select * from tab; #test查詢表