本文介紹系統緩存組件,采用NOSQL之Redis作為系統緩存層。
一、背景
系統考慮到高並發的使用場景。對於並發提交場景,通過上一章節介紹的RabbitMQ組件解決。對於系統高並發查詢,為了提供性能減少數據庫壓力,我們加入緩存機制,可以不同層次加入緩存支持,本文主要介紹應用服務層和數據層之間加入緩存機制提升性能。業界緩存組件有Redis、Memcached、MemoryCache。本系統采用Redis緩存組件,有些系統將Redis當作MQ使用,此場景本系統用RabbitMQ,Redis主要用於系統緩存應用。
二、Redis簡介
Redis是一個開源的Key-Value數據庫,使用C語言編寫、支持網絡、可基於內存亦可持久化的NOSQL數據庫,並提供多種語言的API,例如:Java,C/C++,C#,PHP,JavaScript,Perl,Object-C,Python,Ruby等語言驅動。自Redis3.0開始支持集群方案。
相關Redis Cluster 原理在此不多介紹,網絡上有很多資料。
三、Redis集群應用
(一)環境介紹
本系統基於Linux之CentOS搭建Redis3.0集群。將三個Instance部署於一台虛擬機,應用部署於windows平台。
序號 | 服務IP | 說明 |
1 | 192.168.1.110 | Redis節點A端口:7000(M),7003(S) Redis節點B端口:7001(M),7004(S) Redis節點C端口:7002(M),7005(S) |
(二)安裝Redis
1、安裝相關依賴工具
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# yum -y install gcc openssl-devel libyaml-devel libffi-devel readline-devel zlib-devel gdbm-devel ncurses-devel gcc-c++ automake autoconf
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2、安裝Redis 3.0.6
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# cd /usr/loacal
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[root@andoncentos loacal]# wget http:
//download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.0.6.tar.gz
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# tar xvf redis-3.0.6.tar.gz
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# cd redis-3.0.6/
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# make MALLOC=libc
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[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# make install
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3、由於我們使用不同端口號區分,在兩個服務各自建立以端口命名的文件夾。配置7000節點服務,將redis-server和redis.conf復制到/etc/redis/7000
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# mkdir /etc/redis/7000
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# mkdir /etc/redis/7001
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# mkdir /etc/redis/7002
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# mkdir /etc/redis/7003
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# mkdir /etc/redis/7004
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# mkdir /etc/redis/7005
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[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# cp /usr/local/redis-3.0.6/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-3.0.6/redis.conf /etc/redis/7000
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[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# vim /etc/redis/7000/redis.conf
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port 7000
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7000.pid
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes.conf
logfile "/var/log/redisd7000.log"
dir /etc/redis/7000/
cluster-node-timeout 5000
appendonly yes
4、修改redis服務的啟動腳本,修改內容,並復制相關其他的節點配置
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[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# cp /usr/local/redis-3.0.6/utils/redis_init_script /etc/init.d/redis7000
[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# vim /etc/init.d/redis7000
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#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig 2345 90 10
# description:Redis is a persistent key-value database
# Simple Redis init.d script conceived to work on Linux systems
# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.
REDISPORT=7000
# EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server
EXEC=/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli
PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_${REDISPORT}.pid
CONF="/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}/redis.conf"
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[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# cp /etc/init.d/redis7000 /etc/init.d/redis7001
[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# cp /etc/init.d/redis7000 /etc/init.d/redis7003
[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# cp /etc/init.d/redis7000 /etc/init.d/redis7004
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5、設置為開機自啟動服務器
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[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# chkconfig redis7000
on
[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# chkconfig redis7001
on
[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# chkconfig redis7003
on
[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# chkconfig redis7004
on
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6、重啟系統,並檢查redis7000,redis7001,redis7003,redis7004服務情況
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[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# reboot<br>[root@andoncentos 桌面]# systemctl status redis7004.service
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(三)配置Redis集群
1、按照 ruby tree 工具,因為redis集群需要ruby
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[root@andoncentos redis-3.0.6]# yum -y install tcl ruby tree<br>[root@andoncentos 桌面]# gem install redis --version 3.0.6
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Fetching: redis-3.0.6.gem (100%)
Successfully installed redis-3.0.6
Parsing documentation for redis-3.0.6
Installing ri documentation for redis-3.0.6
1 gem installed
2、redis-trib.rb 配置集群
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# /usr/local/redis-3.0.6/src/redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 192.168.1.110:7000 192.168.1.110:7001 192.168.1.110:7002 192.168.1.110:7003 192.168.1.110:7004 192.168.1.110:7005
>>> Creating cluster
>>> Performing hash slots allocation
on
6 nodes...
Using 3 masters:
192.168.1.110:7000
192.168.1.110:7001
192.168.1.110:7002
Adding replica 192.168.1.110:7003 to 192.168.1.110:7000
Adding replica 192.168.1.110:7004 to 192.168.1.110:7001
Adding replica 192.168.1.110:7005 to 192.168.1.110:7002
M: b164701893bfbdc078e2f7e3b16f1216c1bf65ff 192.168.1.110:7000
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
M: 4c2d36c55cff692a7bbeccb663197b555747d15d 192.168.1.110:7001
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
M: b147e4dfcd63c5ce059540db55a9d7cb9fa093eb 192.168.1.110:7002
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
S: 757381aa5cc5c8ba70f3798f6de6cb7b2e97f924 192.168.1.110:7003
replicates b164701893bfbdc078e2f7e3b16f1216c1bf65ff
S: fecc8edf32fc72cd4a5d8ae5306fe4083abfe8e9 192.168.1.110:7004
replicates 4c2d36c55cff692a7bbeccb663197b555747d15d
S: 98bd8e1aff631a3bee7f92a39764decea16ee955 192.168.1.110:7005
replicates b147e4dfcd63c5ce059540db55a9d7cb9fa093eb
Can I
set
the above configuration? (type
'yes'
to accept): <strong>yes</strong>
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to
join
the cluster
Waiting
for
the cluster to
join
....
>>> Performing Cluster Check (
using
node 192.168.1.110:7000)
M: b164701893bfbdc078e2f7e3b16f1216c1bf65ff 192.168.1.110:7000
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
M: 4c2d36c55cff692a7bbeccb663197b555747d15d 192.168.1.110:7001
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
M: b147e4dfcd63c5ce059540db55a9d7cb9fa093eb 192.168.1.110:7002
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
M: 757381aa5cc5c8ba70f3798f6de6cb7b2e97f924 192.168.1.110:7003
slots: (0 slots) master
replicates b164701893bfbdc078e2f7e3b16f1216c1bf65ff
M: fecc8edf32fc72cd4a5d8ae5306fe4083abfe8e9 192.168.1.110:7004
slots: (0 slots) master
replicates 4c2d36c55cff692a7bbeccb663197b555747d15d
M: 98bd8e1aff631a3bee7f92a39764decea16ee955 192.168.1.110:7005
slots: (0 slots) master
replicates b147e4dfcd63c5ce059540db55a9d7cb9fa093eb
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check
for
open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
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3、檢查集群狀態
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# /usr/local/redis-3.0.6/src/redis-trib.rb check 192.168.1.110:7000
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4、若出錯的話,通過如下命令行修復
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# /usr/local/redis-3.0.6/src/redis-trib.rb fix 192.168.1.110:7000
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5、防火牆開放端口,並重啟防火牆
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# firewall-cmd --zone=
public
--add-port=7000-7005/tcp --permanent
success
[root@andoncentos 桌面]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
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6、檢查集群情況
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[root@andoncentos 桌面]# redis-cli -c -p 7000
127.0.0.1:7000> cluster info
cluster_state:ok
cluster_slots_assigned:16384
cluster_slots_ok:16384
cluster_slots_pfail:0
cluster_slots_fail:0
cluster_known_nodes:6
cluster_size:3
cluster_current_epoch:6
cluster_my_epoch:1
cluster_stats_messages_sent:2492
cluster_stats_messages_received:2492
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四、使用說明
(一)使用命令行測試緩存
(二)通過C#代碼測試緩存
1、通過使用stackexchang.redis組件,將數據緩存到集群redis服務。
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var
cfg = RedisCachingSectionHandler.GetConfig();
var
serializer =
new
NewtonsoftSerializer();
var
redis =
new
StackExchangeRedisCacheClient(serializer, cfg);
var
cls =
new
Cls(){ ID = 1, Name = txt };
string
key =
"tkey"
+
new
Random().Next(1000, 9999).ToString();
redis.Add<Cls>(key, cls);
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2、通過key獲取數據
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var
cfg = RedisCachingSectionHandler.GetConfig();
var
serializer =
new
NewtonsoftSerializer();
var
redis =
new
StackExchangeRedisCacheClient(serializer, cfg);
var
entity = redis.Get<Cls>(key);
ViewBag.KV = entity !=
null
? entity.Name :
""
;
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3、redis緩存情況
五、總結
redis cluster 默認支持HA,但是對於單個Instance故障,使用者需要自行判斷處理的機制,后續有待於研究,但是redis codis 這方面提供了方便的支持。