安裝和使用分兩步介紹：
介紹一下，本文的運行環境是win7 64位 和python 2.7 。
安裝：
WIN7_64位 安裝python-ssh訪問模塊（paramiko）的安裝教程，本人親測下面教程沒問題的，所以可以放心按步驟進行操作
參考地址：
http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/fdbd4277c629c9b89e3f4828.html
使用：
1. paramiko連接
使用paramiko模塊有兩種連接方式，一種是通過paramiko.SSHClient()函數，另外一種是通過paramiko.Transport()函數。
方法一：
1 import paramiko 2 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 3 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) 4 ssh.connect("某IP地址",22,"用戶名", "口令")
方法二：
1 import paramiko 2 t = paramiko.Transport(("主機","端口")) 3 t.connect(username = "用戶名", password = "口令")
如果連接遠程主機需要提供密鑰，上面第二行代碼可改成：
t.connect(username = "用戶名", password = "口令", hostkey="密鑰")
2. 上傳本地文件到服務器：
1 #!/usr/bin/python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3
4 import paramiko 5
6 if __name__ == '__main__': 7 host_ip = '10.*.*.*'
8 port = '22'
9 username1 = '***'
10 password1 = '***'
11 t = paramiko.Transport(host_ip, port) 12 t.connect(username=username1, password=password1) 13 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) 14 remotepath = r'/home/temp/b.txt'
15 localpath = r'D:\aaa\a.txt'
16 sftp.put(localpath, remotepath) 17 t.close()
3. 下載服務器文件到本地：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 import paramiko 4 import os 5
6 def remote_scp(host_ip, port, remote_path, local_path, username, password): 7 port= port or 22
8 t = paramiko.Transport((host_ip, port)) 9 t.connect(username=username, password=password) 10 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) 11 src = remote_path 12 des = local_path 13 sftp.get(src, des) 14 t.close() 15
16 if __name__ == '__main__': 17 host_ip = '10.*.*.*'
18 remote_path = '/home/temp/a.txt'
19 local_path = r'D:\aaa\a.txt'
20 part_path= os.path.dirname(local_path) 21 if not os.path.exists(part_path): 22 os.makedirs(part_path) 23 username = '***'
24 password = '****'
25 remote_scp(host_ip, 22, remote_path, local_path, username, password)
4. ssh連接服務器：
1 #!/usr/bin/python
2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 import paramiko 4
5 def ssh2(ip, username, passwd, cmd): 6 try: 7 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 8 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) 9 ssh.connect(ip, 22, username, passwd, timeout=50) 10 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd) 11 # stdin.write("Y") #簡單交互，輸入 ‘Y’
12 print stdout.read() 13 # for x in stdout.readlines():
14 # print x.strip("＼n")
15 print '%s＼tOK＼n' % (ip) 16 ssh.close() 17 except: 18 print '%s＼tError＼n' % (ip) 19
20
21 if __name__ == '__main__': 22 host_ip = '10.*.*.*'
23 port = '22'
24 username1 = '***'
25 password1 = '***'
26 ssh2(host_ip, username1, password1, 'less /home/temp/a.txt')
5. 目錄下多個文件的上傳下載：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 import paramiko, datetime, os 4
5 host_ip = '10.*.*.*'
6 username1 = '***'
7 password1 = '****'
8 port = 22
9 local_dir = 'd:/aaa'
10 remote_dir = '/home/temp/Templates'
11 try: 12 t = paramiko.Transport(host_ip, port) 13 t.connect(username=username1, password=password1) 14 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) 15 files = os.listdir(local_dir) # 上傳多個文件
16 # files = sftp.listdir(remote_dir) # 下載多個文件
17 for f in files: 18 print ''
19 print '#########################################'
20 print 'Beginning to download file from %s %s ' % (host_ip, datetime.datetime.now()) 21 print 'Downloading file:', (remote_dir + '/' + f) 22 # sftp.get(remote_dir + '/' + f, os.path.join(local_dir, f)) # 下載多個文件
23 sftp.put(os.path.join(local_dir, f), remote_dir + '/' + f) # 上傳多個文件
24 print 'Download file success %s ' % datetime.datetime.now() 25 print ''
26 print '##########################################'
27 t.close() 28 except Exception: 29 print "connect error!"
6. 遞歸上傳目錄里面的文件或是文件夾到多個服務器
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 import paramiko 4 import datetime 5 import os 6
7
8 def upload(local_dir, remote_dir, hostname, port, username, password): 9 try: 10 t = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port)) 11 t.connect(username=username, password=password) 12 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) 13 print('upload file start %s ' % datetime.datetime.now()) 14 for root, dirs, files in os.walk(local_dir): 15 print('[%s][%s][%s]' % (root, dirs, files)) 16 for filespath in files: 17 local_file = os.path.join(root, filespath) 18 print(11, '[%s][%s][%s][%s]' % (root, filespath, local_file, local_dir)) 19 a = local_file.replace(local_dir, '').replace('\\', '/').lstrip('/') 20 print('01', a, '[%s]' % remote_dir) 21 remote_file = os.path.join(remote_dir, a).replace('\\', '/') 22 print(22, remote_file) 23 try: 24 sftp.put(local_file, remote_file) 25 except Exception as e: 26 sftp.mkdir(os.path.split(remote_file)[0]) 27 sftp.put(local_file, remote_file) 28 print("66 upload %s to remote %s" % (local_file, remote_file)) 29 for name in dirs: 30 local_path = os.path.join(root, name) 31 print(0, local_path, local_dir) 32 a = local_path.replace(local_dir, '').replace('\\', '/').lstrip('/') 33 print(1, a) 34 print(1, remote_dir) 35 # remote_path = os.path.join(remote_dir, a).replace('\\', '/')
36 remote_path = remote_dir + a 37 print(33, remote_path) 38 try: 39 sftp.mkdir(remote_path) 40 print(44, "mkdir path %s" % remote_path) 41 except Exception as e: 42 print(55, e) 43 print('77,upload file success %s ' % datetime.datetime.now()) 44 t.close() 45 except Exception as e: 46 print(88, e) 47
48
49 if __name__ == '__main__': 50 # 選擇上傳到那個服務器
51 serverlist = ['服務器00', '服務器01', '服務器02'] 52 for i in range(len(serverlist)): 53 print ("序號：%s 對應的服務器為：%s" % (i, serverlist[i])) 54 num = raw_input("請輸入對應服務器的序號：") 55 num = int(num) 56 hostname = ['10.*.*.*', '10.*.*.*', '10.*.*.*'] 57 username = ['root', 'root', 'root'] 58 password = ['***', '***', '***'] 59 port = [22, 22, 22] 60
61 local_dir = r'D:\aaa'
62 remote_dir = '/home/temp/dd/'
63 upload(local_dir, remote_dir, hostname=hostname[num], port=port[num], username=username[num], 64 password=password[num])
7. 利用paramiko實現ssh的交互式連接
以下是通過paramiko模塊直接用ssh協議登陸到遠程服務器的操作代碼，這里先定義一個interactive模塊（即 interactive.py）,
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 import socket 4 import sys 5
6 # windows does not have termios...
7 try: 8 import termios 9 import tty 10
11 has_termios = True 12 except ImportError: 13 has_termios = False 14
15
16 def interactive_shell(chan): 17 if has_termios: 18 posix_shell(chan) 19 else: 20 windows_shell(chan) 21
22
23 def posix_shell(chan): 24 import select 25 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) 26 try: 27 tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) 28 tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno()) 29 chan.settimeout(0.0) 30 while True: 31 r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], []) 32 if chan in r: 33 try: 34 x = chan.recv(1024) 35 if len(x) == 0: 36 print '＼r＼n*** EOF＼r＼n', 37 break
38 sys.stdout.write(x) 39 sys.stdout.flush() 40 except socket.timeout: 41 pass
42 if sys.stdin in r: 43 x = sys.stdin.read(1) 44 if len(x) == 0: 45 break
46 chan.send(x) 47 finally: 48 termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) 49
50
51 # thanks to Mike Looijmans for this code
52 def windows_shell(chan): 53 import threading 54 sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.＼r＼n＼r＼n") 55
56 def writeall(sock): 57 while True: 58 data = sock.recv(256) 59 if not data: 60 sys.stdout.write('＼r＼n*** EOF ***＼r＼n＼r＼n') 61 sys.stdout.flush() 62 break
63 sys.stdout.write(data) 64 sys.stdout.flush() 65
66 writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) 67 writer.start() 68 try: 69 while True: 70 d = sys.stdin.read(1) 71 if not d: 72 break
73 chan.send(d) 74 except EOFError: 75 # user hit ^Z or F6
76 pass
寫一個ssh_inter.py的交互主程序調用interactive模塊，代碼如下：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 import paramiko 4 import interactive 5
6 if __name__ == '__main__': 7 host_ip = '10.*.*.*'
8 username1 = '***'
9 password1 = '***'
10 port = 22
11 # 記錄日志寫到本地文件中
12 paramiko.util.log_to_file(r'D:/aaa/wu.txt') 13 # 建立ssh連接
14 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 15 ssh.load_system_host_keys() 16 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) 17 ssh.connect(host_ip, port=22, username=username1, password=password1, compress=True) 18 # 建立交互式shell連接
19 channel = ssh.invoke_shell() 20 # 建立交互式管道
21 interactive.interactive_shell(channel) 22 # 關閉連接
23 channel.close() 24 ssh.close()
總結：
paramiko模塊是一個比較強大的ssh連接模塊，以上的示例只是列出了該模塊的一些簡單的使用方法，還可以使用threading模塊加塊程序並發的速度；也可以使用configparser模塊處理配置文件，而我們將所有IP、用戶信息操作都放入配置文件；使用setproctitle模塊為執行的程序加一個容易區分的title等。
同樣，雖然連fabric這樣大名鼎鼎的軟件使用的ssh都是用paramiko模塊進行的封裝，不過你依然可以選擇不使用它，你也可以選擇pexpect模塊實現封裝一個簡易的ssh連接工具、或者使用同樣比較火的salt-ssh模塊。
參考文章：