Page Object設計模式實踐

　　Page Object是Selenium自動化測試項目開發實踐的最佳設計模式之一，通過對界面元素的封裝減少冗余代碼，同時在后期維護中，若元素定位發生變化，只需要調整頁面元素封裝的代碼，提高測試用例的可維護性。

　　本項目以163郵箱登錄為例，163登錄腳本（非PO模式）請查看博客中的隨筆信息。

1、項目目錄結構及相關介紹

test_programe 測試項目

• driver：用於存放驅動
• mail:用於存放163登錄項目的測試用例、測試報告以及測試數據等
• run_all_test.py:用於運行項目自動化用例

mail目錄

• data:存放測試數據
• report：存放HTML測試不報告，其中該目錄下的image目錄用於存放測試過程中的截圖
• test_case:用於存放測試用例

test_case目錄

• model:存放配置函數及公共類
• page_object：用於存放頁面對象
• login_case.py：測試對象用例

2、編寫公共模塊：

編寫驅動文件...\test_programe\mail\test_case\model\driver.py

from selenium.webdriver import Remote
from selenium import webdriver
#啟動瀏覽器驅動
def browser():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    '''
    #可以啟動到遠程主機中，運行自動化測試
    host = '127.0.0.1:4444' #運行主機：端口號（本機默認：127.0.0.1:4444）
    dc = {'browserName': 'chrome'}  #指定瀏覽器
    driver = Remote(command_execute='http://' + host + '/wd/hub',
                    desired_capabilities=dc)
    '''
    return driver
'''
#用於測試該腳本是否有效
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dr = browser()
'''

編寫測試公共類...\test_programe\mail\test_case\model\myunit.py

from time import sleep
from .function import insert_img
import unittest
from .driver import browser


class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):


    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = browser()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        self.driver.maximize_window()


    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

 定義截圖函數...\test_programe\mail\test_case\model\function.py

from selenium import webdriver
import os
#截圖函數
def insert_img(driver, file_name):
    base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
    #print(base_dir)
    base_dir = str(base_dir)
    #print(base_dir)
    base_dir = base_dir.replace('\\','/')
    #print(base_dir)
    base = base_dir.split('/mail')[0]
    #print(base)
    file_path = base + '/mail/report/image/' + file_name
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file(file_path)

'''
#用於驗證該腳本是否有效
if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
    insert_img(driver, 'baidu.jpg')
    driver.quit()
'''

3、編寫Page Object

創建基礎類...\test_programe\mail\test_case\page_object\base.py

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep
import unittest
#基本層
class Base(object):

    
    def __init__(self, driver, base_url = 'http://mail.163.com'):
        self.driver = driver
        self.base_url = base_url
        self.timeout = 30

    def _open(self, url):
        url_ = self.base_url + url
        #print(url_)
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.get(url_)
        sleep(2)
        assert self.driver.current_url == url_, 'Did ont land on %s' % url_

    def open(self):
        self._open(self.url)

    #*參數個數不是固定的（By.ID, 'kw'）
    def find_element(self, *loc):
        return self.driver.find_element(*loc)

    def iframe(self, iframeid):
        return self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframeid)

    def iframe_out(self):
        return self.driver.switch_to.default_content()

    

創建163郵箱登錄對象類...\test_programe\mail\test_case\page_object\login_page.py

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep
from .base import Base

#頁面對象（PO）登錄頁面
class LoginPage(Base):
    url = '/'
    login_iframe_loc = 'x-URS-iframe'
    login_username_text_loc = (By.NAME, 'email')
    login_password_text_loc = (By.NAME, 'password')
    login_button_loc = (By.ID, 'dologin')
    login_erro_hint_loc = (By.CLASS_NAME, 'ferrorhead')

    #把每一個元素封裝成一個方法
    def login_iframe(self):
        self.iframe(self.login_iframe_loc)

    def login_iframe_out(self):
        self.iframe_out()

    def login_username(self, text):
        self.find_element(*self.login_username_text_loc).send_keys(text)

    def login_password(self, text):
        self.find_element(*self.login_password_text_loc).send_keys(text)

    def login_button(self):
        self.find_element(*self.login_button_loc).click()

    def login_error_hint(self):
        self.login_iframe()
        return self.find_element(*self.login_erro_hint_loc).text
        self.login_iframe_out()

    def login_action(self, username, password):
        self.login_iframe()
        self.login_username(username)
        self.login_password(password)
        self.login_button()
        self.login_iframe_out()

創建163郵箱登錄成功后對象類...\test_programe\mail\test_case\page_object\mail_page.py

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep
from .base import Base

class MailPage(Base):
    url = '/'
    login_success_user_loc = (By.ID, 'spnUid')

    def login_success_user(self):
        return self.find_element(*self.login_success_user_loc).text

4、編寫測試用例

創建mail登錄類...\test_programe\mail\test_case\login_case.py

from time import sleep
import unittest, random, sys
from model import myunit, function
from page_object.login_page import LoginPage
from page_object.mail_page import MailPage
sys.path.append('./model')
sys.path.append('./page_obj')

class LoginTest(myunit.MyTest):

    def test_login_user_pwd_null(self):
        '''用戶名、密碼為空登錄'''
        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.open()
        po.login_action('','')
        sleep(2)
        self.assertEqual(po.login_error_hint(),'請輸入帳號')
        function.insert_img(self.driver, 'user_pwd_null.jpg')

    def test_login_pwd_null(self):
        '''密碼為空登錄'''
        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.open()
        po.login_action('abc','')
        sleep(2)
        self.assertEqual(po.login_error_hint(),'請輸入密碼')
        function.insert_img(self.driver, 'pwd_null.jpg')

    def test_login_user_pwd_error(self):
        '''用戶名或密碼錯誤'''
        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.open()
        character = random.choice('zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba')
        username = "test" + character
        po.login_action(username,"$#%#")
        sleep(2)
        #print(po.login_error_hint())
        self.assertEqual(po.login_error_hint(),'帳號或密碼錯誤')
        function.insert_img(self.driver, "user_pwd_error.jpg")

    def test_login_success(self):
        '''用戶名、密碼正確,登錄成功'''
        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.open()
        user = "ldq791918813"
        po.login_action(user,"xiuxiu060801zhu")
        sleep(2)
        po2 = MailPage(self.driver)
        #print(po2.login_success_user())
        self.assertEqual(po2.login_success_user(),user+"@163.com")
        function.insert_img(self.driver, "success.jpg")

5、執行測試用例

創建用例執行代碼...\test_programe\

import unittest, time
from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
import smtplib, os

#發送測試報告，需要配置你的郵箱賬號
def send_mail(file_new):
    f = open(file_new, 'rb')
    mail_body = f.read()
    f.close()
    msg = MIMEText(mail_body, 'html', 'utf-8')
    msg['Subject'] = Header("自動化測試報告", 'utf-8')
    msg['From']= '[e-mail]'
    msg['To']= '[e-mail]'
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
    smtp.connect("smtp.163.com")
    smtp.login("[e-mail]", "密碼")
    smtp.sendmail("[e-mail]","[e-mail]",msg.as_string())
    smtp.quit()
    print('email has send out!')

#查找測試報告目錄，找到最新生成的測試報告文件
def new_report(testreport):
    lists = os.listdir(testreport)
    lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getmtime(testreport + '\\' + fn))
    file_new = os.path.join(testreport, lists[-1])
    print(file_new)
    return file_new

#指定測試用例為當前文件夾下的test_case目錄
test_dir = './mail/test_case'
test_report = 'D:\\sublimePython\\test_programe\\mail\\report'
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern = '*_case.py')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
    filename = test_report + '/' + now + 'result.html'
    fp = open(filename, 'wb')
    #runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
    runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,
                            title='測試報告',
                            description="運行環境：windows 7, Chrome")
    runner.run(discover)
    fp.close()
    
    new_report = new_report(test_report)
    send_mail(new_report)

6、HTML測試報告：

7、截圖信息：