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Raspberry Pi（樹莓派）上從零開始構建Linux系統（簡稱PiLFS）（三）

本文轉載自   查看原文   2017-02-02 22:17   1451    Linux

九. 系統配置

　　1. 安裝 LFS-Bootscripts-20150222

　　　　軟件包包含一套在 LFS 系統啟動和關閉時的啟動和停止腳本。

cd /sources tar -jxf lfs-bootscripts-20150222.tar.bz2 cd lfs-bootscripts-20150222 make install cd /sources rm -rf lfs-bootscripts-20150222

　　2. 管理網絡設備

# 運行以下命令，創建網絡設備 Udev 規則
bash /lib/udev/init-net-rules.sh 
# 查看生成的規則 
cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

　　3. 配置系統主機名稱

echo "lfs" > /etc/hostname

　　4. 創建 /etc/hosts  文件

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)

127.0.0.1 localhost

# End /etc/hosts (network card version)
EOF
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　　5. 配置 Sysvinit

　　　　內核初始化期間，第一個運行的程序默認是SysVinit，這個程序讀取/etc/inittab文件

cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inittab

id:3:initdefault: si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S  l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0 l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1 l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2 l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3 l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4 l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5 l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6 ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600 # End /etc/inittab EOF
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　　6. 安裝 PiLFS-Bootscripts-20160219

　　　　軟件包包含腳本的集合，以及針對樹莓派硬件的一些修復

cd /sources tar -Jxf pilfs-bootscripts-20160219.tar.xz cd pilfs-bootscripts-20160219 make install-networkfix install-swapfix install-fake-hwclock install-switch-cpu-governor cd /sources rm -rf pilfs-bootscripts-20160219

　　7. Bash 啟動文件

cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# End /etc/profile EOF
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　　8. 創建 /etc/inputrc 文件

　　　　inputrc  文件的作用是告知系統應該以怎樣的鍵盤布局處理鍵盤

cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net> # Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line set horizontal-scroll-mode Off # Enable 8bit input set meta-flag On set input-meta On # Turns off 8th bit stripping set convert-meta Off # Keep the 8th bit for display set output-meta On # none, visible or audible set bell-style none # All of the following map the escape sequence of the value # contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions "\eOd": backward-word "\eOc": forward-word # for linux console "\e[1~": beginning-of-line "\e[4~": end-of-line "\e[5~": beginning-of-history "\e[6~": end-of-history "\e[3~": delete-char "\e[2~": quoted-insert # for xterm "\eOH": beginning-of-line "\eOF": end-of-line # for Konsole "\e[H": beginning-of-line "\e[F": end-of-line # End /etc/inputrc EOF
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　　9. 創建 /etc/shells 文件

　　　　shells 文件是當前系統所有可用 shell  的列表文件

cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/shells

/bin/sh
/bin/bash

# End /etc/shells
EOF
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　　10. LFS官方文檔中還包含了其它可選配置，可按需添加

 

十. 讓LFS系統可引導

　　1. 創建 /etc/fstab 文件　　　

cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF" 
# Begin /etc/fstab 
# file system  mount-point  type     options             dump  fsck  
#                                                              order   
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot        vfat     defaults            0     0 
/dev/mmcblk0p2 /            ext4     defaults,noatime    0     1
proc           /proc        proc     nosuid,noexec,nodev 0     0
sysfs          /sys         sysfs    nosuid,noexec,nodev 0     0
devpts         /dev/pts     devpts   gid=5,mode=620      0     0
tmpfs          /run         tmpfs    defaults            0     0
devtmpfs       /dev         devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid    0     0 
# End /etc/fstab 
EOF
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　　2. 編譯安裝內核　　

mkdir /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot

cd /sources
tar -zxf rpi-4.4.y.tar.gz
cd linux-rpi-4.4.y

make mrproper
sed -i 's/EXTRAVERSION =.*/EXTRAVERSION = +/' Makefile
make bcm2709_defconfig

make
make modules_install

cp -v arch/arm/boot/zImage /boot/kernel7.img
cp -v arch/arm/boot/dts/bcm2709-rpi-2-b.dtb /boot/
cp -v arch/arm/boot/dts/bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb /boot/
cp -v arch/arm/boot/dts/bcm2710-rpi-cm3.dtb /boot/

umount /mnt/boot
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十一. 最后

　　1. 創建 /etc/lfs-release 文件

cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF"
DISTRIB_ID="Pi Linux From Scratch"
DISTRIB_RELEASE="7.10"
DISTRIB_CODENAME="kevin"
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Pi Linux From Scratch"
EOF
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　　2. 安裝 OpenSSH

# openssh依賴於openssl庫，先安裝openssl 
cd /sources
tar -zxf openssl-1.0.2h.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.0.2h

./config --prefix=/usr         \
         --openssldir=/etc/ssl \
         --libdir=lib          \
         shared                \
         zlib-dynamic &&
make depend           &&
make

make MANDIR=/usr/share/man MANSUFFIX=ssl install &&
install -dv -m755 /usr/share/doc/openssl-1.0.2h  &&
cp -vfr doc/*     /usr/share/doc/openssl-1.0.2h

cd /sources
rm -rf openssl-1.0.2h

 # 安裝openssh
cd /sources
tar -zxf openssh-7.3p1.tar.gz
cd openssh-7.3p1

install  -v -m700 -d /var/lib/sshd &&
chown    -v root:sys /var/lib/sshd &&
groupadd -g 50 sshd        &&
useradd  -c 'sshd PrivSep' \
         -d /var/lib/sshd  \
         -g sshd           \
         -s /bin/false     \
         -u 50 sshd

./configure --prefix=/usr                     \
            --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh             \
            --with-md5-passwords              \
            --with-privsep-path=/var/lib/sshd &&
make

make install &&
install -v -m755    contrib/ssh-copy-id /usr/bin     &&
install -v -m644    contrib/ssh-copy-id.1 \
                    /usr/share/man/man1              &&
install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/openssh-7.3p1     &&
install -v -m644    INSTALL LICENCE OVERVIEW README* \
                    /usr/share/doc/openssh-7.3p1

cd /sources 
rm -rf openssh-7.3p1

# 系統啟動時開啟ssh服務 
cd /sources 
tar -Jxf blfs-bootscripts-20160902.tar.xz 
cd blfs-bootscripts-20160902 
make install-sshd 
cd /sources 
rm -rf blfs-bootscripts-20160902
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　　3. 安裝 dhcpcd

cd /sources
tar -Jxf dhcpcd-6.11.3.tar.xz
cd dhcpcd-6.11.3

./configure --libexecdir=/lib/dhcpcd \
            --dbdir=/var/lib/dhcpcd  &&
make

make install
cd /sources
rm -rf dhcpcd-6.11.3

#安裝dhcpcd服務，網絡斷掉時執行hook腳本
cd /sources
tar -Jxf blfs-bootscripts-20160902.tar.xz
cd blfs-bootscripts-20160902
make install-service-dhcpcd
cd /sources
rm -rf blfs-bootscripts-20160902
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　　4. 安裝 wpa_supplicant

# wpa_supplicant依賴於libnl-3庫，先安裝libnl-3
cd /sources
tar -zxf libnl-3.2.28.tar.gz
cd libnl-3.2.28

./configure --prefix=/usr     \
            --sysconfdir=/etc \
            --disable-static  &&
make

make install
cd /sources
rm -rf libnl-3.2.28


# 安裝wpa_supplicant
cd /sources
tar -zxf wpa_supplicant-2.5.tar.gz
cd wpa_supplicant-2.5

cat > wpa_supplicant/.config << "EOF"
CONFIG_BACKEND=file
CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_FILE=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG_FACILITY=LOG_DAEMON
CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
CONFIG_DRIVER_WEXT=y
CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y
CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y
CONFIG_EAP_LEAP=y
CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y
CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y
CONFIG_EAP_OTP=y
CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y
CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y
CONFIG_EAP_TTLS=y
CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y
CONFIG_IPV6=y
CONFIG_LIBNL32=y
CONFIG_PEERKEY=y
CONFIG_PKCS12=y
CONFIG_READLINE=y
CONFIG_SMARTCARD=y
CONFIG_WPS=y
CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/libnl3
EOF

cd wpa_supplicant &&
make BINDIR=/sbin LIBDIR=/lib

install -v -m755 wpa_{cli,passphrase,supplicant} /sbin/ &&
install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_supplicant.conf.5 /usr/share/man/man5/ &&
install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_{cli,passphrase,supplicant}.8 /usr/share/man/man8/

cd /sources
rm -rf wpa_supplicant-2.5


# 系統啟動時自動加載wpa服務
cd /sources
tar -Jxf blfs-bootscripts-20160902.tar.xz
cd blfs-bootscripts-20160902
make install-service-wpa
cd /sources
rm -rf blfs-bootscripts-20160902
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　　5. 網絡配置：復制到命令行執行前，記得把中文注釋去掉，否則會出錯

# 有線網絡配置
cat > /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 << "EOF"
ONBOOT="no"
IFACE="eth0"

# 靜態IP
SERVICE="ipv4-static"
IP="192.168.1.2"
# 網關
GATEWAY="192.168.1.1"
# 子網掩碼
PREFIX="24"
# 廣播域
BROADCAST="192.168.1.255"


# 動態IP
#SERVICE="dhcpcd"
# -b background 后台運行
# -q quite 消息仍被記錄，但是只有告警或錯誤的信息被打印
#DHCP_START="-b -q"
# -k release 退出前釋放租期
#DHCP_STOP="-k"

EOF


# 無線網絡配置
cat > /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.wlan0 << "EOF"
ONBOOT="no" 
IFACE="wlan0" 
SERVICE="wpa"

# Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant 
WPA_ARGS=""

# 動態IP
WPA_SERVICE="dhcpcd"
DHCP_START="-b -q"
DHCP_STOP="-k"

# 靜態IP
#WPA_SERVICE="ipv4-static"
#IP="192.168.1.2"
#GATEWAY="192.168.1.1"
#PREFIX="24"
#BROADCAST="192.168.1.255"

EOF


# WIFI配置
cat > /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf << "EOF"
network={
ssid="WiFi-name1"
psk="WiFi-password1"
priority=5
}
EOF
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　　6. 安裝WIFI固件

　　　　　　RPi3 內置 WiFi 驅動 brcmfmac，需要二進制固件包 brcmfmac43430-sdio.bin

　　　　和配置文件 brcmfmac43430-sdio.txt 才能正確地運行。點擊此 找到並下載這兩個文件，

　　　　並放到 /lib/firmware/brcm/ 文件夾下，沒有該文件夾則創建。

　　7. 卸載文件系統

logout

umount -v $LFS/dev/pts umount -v $LFS/dev umount -v $LFS/run umount -v $LFS/proc umount -v $LFS/sys 
rm -rf $LFS/sources
umount -v $LFS

 

十二. 如何將PiLFS做成TF卡鏡像

　　1. 需要一台裝有Linux系統的PC機

　　2. 利用 gparted 格式化並重新划分U盤:

　　　　/dev/sda1       100M        FAT32        boot分區

　　　　/dev/sda2       900M        EXT4          PiLFS分區

　　3. 進入 /dev/mmcblk0p1 分區，將除 dtb 格式外的文件全部復制到 /dev/sda1 分區下

　　4. 執行 sudo  fdisk -u -l /dev/sda 命令，查看硬件的分區情況，start和end中數字的單位是512字節

　　5. 利用dd命令將U盤做成鏡像：

　　　　　　dd if=/dev/sda of=piLfs-7.10-linux-4.4.img bs=512 count=[fdisk命令中最大的end數+1]


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