原因:
關於utf-8編碼的txt文件,windows以記事本方式保存時會在第一行最開始處自動加入bom格式的相關信息,大概三個字節!
所以java在讀取此類文件時第一行時會多出三個不相關的字節,這樣對正常的程序產生了不良影響!
解決方法:
網上有如下解決方法確實可行
1.使用UltraEdit將上邊的txt文件另存為UTF-8無BOM格式;
2.使用Notepad++打開上邊的txt文件執行如下操作“格式-->以UTF-8無BOM格式編碼”,修改后將txt文本進行保存
不足之處:
但是這樣也有不足,這樣對文件生產者提出了很高的要求,萬一這樣的文件是很多人生產的,那就勢必會產生各種各樣的問題,這歸根到底是jdk的一個bug.
有沒有什么辦法能夠一勞永逸呢,答案是有的,咱們程序里控制,來跟着我一起做!
終極解決方案:
(1)在工程中增加JDK提供的一個工具類:
public class UnicodeInputStream extends InputStream {
PushbackInputStream internalIn;
boolean isInited = false;
String defaultEnc;
String encoding;
private static final int BOM_SIZE = 4;
public UnicodeInputStream(InputStream in, String defaultEnc) {
internalIn = new PushbackInputStream(in, BOM_SIZE);
this.defaultEnc = defaultEnc;
}
public String getDefaultEncoding() {
return defaultEnc;
}
public String getEncoding() {
if (!isInited) {
try {
init();
} catch (IOException ex) {
IllegalStateException ise = new IllegalStateException("Init method failed.");
ise.initCause(ise);
throw ise;
}
}
return encoding;
}
/**
* Read-ahead four bytes and check for BOM marks. Extra bytes are
* unread back to the stream, only BOM bytes are skipped.
*/
protected void init() throws IOException {
if (isInited) return;
byte bom[] = new byte[BOM_SIZE];
int n, unread;
n = internalIn.read(bom, 0, bom.length);
if ( (bom[0] == (byte)0x00) && (bom[1] == (byte)0x00) &&
(bom[2] == (byte)0xFE) && (bom[3] == (byte)0xFF) ) {
encoding = "UTF-32BE";
unread = n - 4;
} else if ( (bom[0] == (byte)0xFF) && (bom[1] == (byte)0xFE) &&
(bom[2] == (byte)0x00) && (bom[3] == (byte)0x00) ) {
encoding = "UTF-32LE";
unread = n - 4;
} else if ( (bom[0] == (byte)0xEF) && (bom[1] == (byte)0xBB) &&
(bom[2] == (byte)0xBF) ) {
encoding = "UTF-8";
unread = n - 3;
} else if ( (bom[0] == (byte)0xFE) && (bom[1] == (byte)0xFF) ) {
encoding = "UTF-16BE";
unread = n - 2;
} else if ( (bom[0] == (byte)0xFF) && (bom[1] == (byte)0xFE) ) {
encoding = "UTF-16LE";
unread = n - 2;
} else {
// Unicode BOM mark not found, unread all bytes
encoding = defaultEnc;
unread = n;
}
//System.out.println("read=" + n + ", unread=" + unread);
if (unread > 0) internalIn.unread(bom, (n - unread), unread);
isInited = true;
}
public void close() throws IOException {
//init();
isInited = true;
internalIn.close();
}
public int read() throws IOException {
//init();
isInited = true;
return internalIn.read();
}
}
(2)讀取時使用如下代碼: //因為我這邊是服務器上的遠程文件,如果是本地文件使用File類
URL url = new URL("http://****/***/test.txt");
// File f = new File("test.txt");
String enc = null; // or NULL to use systemdefault
UnicodeInputStream uin = new UnicodeInputStream(url.openStream(),enc); //如果是本地將url.openStream -> new FileInputStream(f)
enc = uin.getEncoding(); // check and skip possible BOM bytes
InputStreamReader in;
if (enc == null){
in = new InputStreamReader(uin);
}else {
in = new InputStreamReader(uin, enc);
}
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(in);
//BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("D:/tags.txt"),"utf-8"));
String tmp =reader.readLine();
這樣讀取的結果就是正常的了,有什么問題還可以留言!