python SendMail 發送郵件

　　最近在學習python 時，用到了發送郵件的操作，通過整理總結如下：

　　

   　　一、相關模塊介紹

    　　發送郵件主要用到了smtplib和email兩個模塊，這里首先就兩個模塊進行一下簡單的介紹：
   　　 smtplib模塊

     　　 smtplib.SMTP([host[, port[, local_hostname[, timeout]]]])

　  　　SMTP類構造函數，表示與SMTP服務器之間的連接，通過這個連接可以向smtp服務器發送指令，執行相關操作（如：登陸、發送郵件）。所有參數都是可選的。

    　　 host：smtp服務器主機名

     　　port：smtp服務的端口，默認是25；如果在創建SMTP對象的時候提供了這兩個參數，在初始化的時候會自動調用connect方法去連接服務器。

　  　　smtplib模塊還提供了SMTP_SSL類和LMTP類，對它們的操作與SMTP基本一致。

 

　　　smtplib.SMTP提供的方法：

    　　 SMTP.set_debuglevel(level)：設置是否為調試模式。默認為False，即非調試模式，表示不輸出任何調試信息。

    　　 SMTP.connect([host[, port]])：連接到指定的smtp服務器。參數分別表示smpt主機和端口。注意: 也可以在host參數中指定端口號（如：smpt.yeah.net:25），這樣就沒必要給出port參數。

     　　SMTP.docmd(cmd[, argstring])：向smtp服務器發送指令。可選參數argstring表示指令的參數。

     　　SMTP.helo([hostname]) ：使用"helo"指令向服務器確認身份。相當於告訴smtp服務器“我是誰”。

     　　SMTP.has_extn(name)：判斷指定名稱在服務器郵件列表中是否存在。出於安全考慮，smtp服務器往往屏蔽了該指令。

     　　SMTP.verify(address) ：判斷指定郵件地址是否在服務器中存在。出於安全考慮，smtp服務器往往屏蔽了該指令。

    　　 SMTP.login(user, password) ：登陸到smtp服務器。現在幾乎所有的smtp服務器，都必須在驗證用戶信息合法之后才允許發送郵件。

     　　SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]) ：發送郵件。這里要注意一下第三個參數，msg是字符串，表示郵件。我們知道郵件一般由標題，發信人，收件人，郵件內容，

　　　附件等構成，發送郵件的時候，要注意msg的格式。這個格式就是smtp協議中定義的格式。

     　　SMTP.quit() ：斷開與smtp服務器的連接，相當於發送"quit"指令。（很多程序中都用到了smtp.close()，具體與quit的區別google了一下，也沒找到答案。）

     　　email模塊

     　　emial模塊用來處理郵件消息，包括MIME和其他基於RFC 2822 的消息文檔。使用這些模塊來定義郵件的內容，是非常簡單的。其包括的類有（更加詳細的介紹可見：http://docs.python.org/library/email.mime.html）：

   　　 class email.mime.base.MIMEBase(_maintype, _subtype, **_params)：這是MIME的一個基類。一般不需要在使用時創建實例。其中_maintype是內容類型，如text或者image。

　　　_subtype是內容的minor type 類型，如plain或者gif。 **_params是一個字典，直接傳遞給Message.add_header()。

    　　class email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart([_subtype[, boundary[, _subparts[, _params]]]]：MIMEBase的一個子類，多個MIME對象的集合，_subtype默認值為mixed。boundary是MIMEMultipart的邊界，默認邊界是可數的。

    　　class email.mime.application.MIMEApplication(_data[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])：MIMEMultipart的一個子類。

   　　 class email.mime.audio. MIMEAudio(_audiodata[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])： MIME音頻對象

    　　class email.mime.image.MIMEImage(_imagedata[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])：MIME二進制文件對象。

 

　　二、普通文本郵件

　　普通文本郵件發送的實現，關鍵是要將MIMEText中_subtype設置為plain，首先導入smtplib和mimetext，創建smtplib.smtp實例，connect郵件smtp服務器，login后發送，具體代碼如下：（python2.7下實現）

具體代碼如下：

　　

 

　　二、html郵件的發送

    與text郵件不同之處就是將將MIMEText中_subtype設置為html。具體代碼如下：（python2.7下實現）

 

  　　三、發送帶附件的郵件

    發送帶附件的郵件，首先要創建MIMEMultipart()實例，然后構造附件，如果有多個附件，可依次構造，最后利用smtplib.smtp發送。

　　

    def SendMailAttach(self, mail_tolist, mail_subject, mail_body, fileList, mail_cclist):
        '''
        發送帶附件的郵件
        :param mail_tolist: 接收者郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']
        :param mail_subject: 郵件主題
        :param mail_body: 郵件體主題內容
        :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路徑）
        :param mail_cclist: 抄送郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']，默認不傳
        :param mail_bcclist: 密送郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']，默認不傳
        :return:
        '''
        msg = MIMEMultipart()
        message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')
        msg.attach(message)

        # 構造附件
        for f in fileList:
            if os.path.isfile(f):
                att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
                att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
                att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f)
                msg.attach(att)

        msg['Subject'] = mail_subject
        msg['From'] = self.mail_sender
        msg['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist)
        if len(mail_cclist) > 0:
            msg['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist)
            mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist)
        # if len(mail_bcclist) > 0:
        #     msg['Bcc'] = ",".join(mail_bcclist)
        #     mail_tolist.extend(mail_bcclist)

        message = ''
        try:
            server = smtplib.SMTP()
            server.connect(self.mail_host)
            server.login(self.mail_user, self.mail_pass)
            server.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, msg.as_string())
            server.close()
            result = '郵件發送成功'

        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
            # print "Error: 無法發送郵件", e
            message = 'Error: 無法發送郵件:'
        return message

 

　　四、完整的代碼如

　　

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import os
import smtplib
import time
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
import mail_setting

class Mail:
    '''
    self.mail_host = "smtp.sina.com"  # 設置服務器
    self.mail_user = "xiaowang"  # 用戶名
    self.mail_pass = "XXXXX"  # 口令
    self.mail_sender = '[e-mail]'  # 發送者
    '''

    def __init__(self, mail_host="210.77.136.200", mail_user="user", mail_pass="pass",
                 mail_sender="da山<[e-mail]>", port=465):
        # 第三方 SMTP 服務
        self.mail_host = mail_host
        self.mail_user = mail_user
        self.mail_pass = mail_pass
        self.mail_sender = mail_sender
        self.port = port


    def SendHtmlMail(self, mail_tolist, mail_subject, mail_body, fileList, mail_cclist, mail_bcclist):
        '''
        發送Html郵件
        :param mail_tolist: 接收者郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']
        :param mail_subject: 郵件主題
        :param mail_body: 郵件體主題內容
        :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路徑）
        :param mail_cclist: 抄送郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']，默認不傳
        :param mail_bcclist: 密送郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']，默認不傳
        :return:
        '''
        message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='html', _charset='gb2312')
        message['Subject'] = mail_subject
        message['From'] = self.mail_sender
        if len(mail_cclist) > 0:
            message['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist)
            mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist)
        if len(mail_bcclist) > 0:
            message['Bcc'] = ",".join(mail_bcclist)
            mail_tolist.extend(mail_bcclist)

        try:
            smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP(self.mail_host, self.port)
            # smtpObj.connect(self.mail_host, 25)  # 25 為 SMTP 端口號
            # smtpObj.login(self.mail_user, self.mail_pass)
            smtpObj.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, message.as_string())
            smtpObj.close()
            print("郵件發送成功")
        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
            print("Error: 無法發送郵件")

    def SendMailAttach(self, mail_tolist, mail_subject, mail_body, fileList, mail_cclist):
        '''
        發送帶附件的郵件
        :param mail_tolist: 接收者郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']
        :param mail_subject: 郵件主題
        :param mail_body: 郵件體主題內容
        :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路徑）
        :param mail_cclist: 抄送郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']，默認不傳
        :param mail_bcclist: 密送郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']，默認不傳
        :return:
        '''
        msg = MIMEMultipart()
        message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')
        msg.attach(message)

        # 構造附件
        for f in fileList:
            if os.path.isfile(f):
                att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
                att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
                att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f)
                msg.attach(att)

        msg['Subject'] = mail_subject
        msg['From'] = self.mail_sender
        msg['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist)
        if len(mail_cclist) > 0:
            msg['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist)
            mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist)
        # if len(mail_bcclist) > 0:
        #     msg['Bcc'] = ",".join(mail_bcclist)
        #     mail_tolist.extend(mail_bcclist)

        message = ''
        try:
            server = smtplib.SMTP()
            server.connect(self.mail_host)
            server.login(self.mail_user, self.mail_pass)
            server.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, msg.as_string())
            server.close()
            result = '郵件發送成功'

        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
            # print "Error: 無法發送郵件", e
            message = 'Error: 無法發送郵件:'
        return message

    def SendMail(self, mail_subject, mail_body, mail_tolist,mail_cclist):
        '''
        發送普通郵件
        :param mail_tolist: 接收者郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']
        :param mail_subject: 郵件主題
        :param mail_body: 郵件體主題內容
        :param fileList: 附件列表，就文件名列表（包含路徑）
        :param mail_cclist: 抄送郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']，默認不傳
        :param mail_bcclist: 密送郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']，默認不傳
        :return:
        '''
        message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')
        message['Subject'] = mail_subject
        message['From'] = self.mail_sender
        if mail_tolist:
            message['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist)
        if len(mail_cclist) > 0:
            message['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist)
            mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist)

        result = ''
        try:
            server = smtplib.SMTP()
            server.connect(self.mail_host)
            server.login(self.mail_user,self.mail_pass)
            server.sendmail(self.mail_sender, mail_tolist, message.as_string())
            server.close()
            result = '郵件發送成功'
            # print "郵件發送成功"
        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
            result = 'Error: 無法發送郵件'
        return result

    def test(self,mail_body,mail_subject,mail_sendto_user,fileName):

        fileList = []
        fileList.append(fileName)

        mail_tolist = []
        mail_tolist.append(mail_sendto_user)

        # 多個人，中間用逗號分隔
        # cc_tolist = ['xx<[e-mail]>','dd<[e-mail]>']
        cc_tolist =[]
        mail_bcclist = []

        # result = self.SendMail( mail_subject, mail_body, mail_tolist,cc_tolist)
        result = self.SendMailAttach(mail_tolist,mail_subject, mail_body,fileList, cc_tolist)
        return result


setobj = mail_setting.mail_setting()
m = Mail(setobj.mail_host,setobj.mail_user,setobj.mail_pass,setobj.mail_send_user,setobj.port)
# result = m.test('信息1',u'小測試測試',setobj.mail_receive_user)
fileName="D:\\work\\python36_crawl\\src\\2018-07-02-14-01-55.csv"
result = m.test('信息1',u'小測試測試',setobj.mail_receive_user,fileName)
print (result)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 配置文件類

class mail_setting:
    def __init__(self):
       

        #由於機器端口控制，目前只能用公司郵箱
        # 郵件端口
        # self.port = 465
        self.port = 465

        # 郵件服務器地址
        self.mail_host = '210.77.136.200'

        # 接收人郵件地址（需要修改）改成你自己的，發送人和接收人可以用一個地址
        self.mail_receive_user = '[e-mail]'

        # self.mail_receive_user = '[e-mail]'

        # 發送人郵件地址（需要修改）改成你自己的，
        self.mail_send_user='[e-mail]'

        #郵件登錄用戶名 （需要修改）
        self.mail_user = 'user'

        # 登錄用密碼（需要修改）
        self.mail_pass = "password"

 

 　　另一例子

from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.utils import parseaddr,formataddr
import smtplib
import os
# 最終結果通過Email發送
def _format_addr(s):
    name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    return formataddr((Header(name,'utf-8').encode(),addr))

def Me_email(from_addr,password,to_addr,smtp_server,title,mail_body,fileList):
    # msg = MIMEText('%s' % (result),'plain','utf-8')            # 郵件顯示內容
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')
    msg.attach(message)
    msg['From'] = _format_addr('ICTR <%s>' % from_addr)                # 郵件發送人
    # msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理員 <%s>' % to_addr)
    msg['To']="[e-mail],[e-mail]"
    msg['Cc'] = "[e-mail]"
    # msg['To'] = _format_addr('[e-mail]')
    msg['Subject'] = Header('%s' % (title),'utf-8').encode()        # 郵件title
    for f in fileList:
        if os.path.isfile(f):
            att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
            att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
            att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f)
            msg.attach(att)
    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server,587)
    server.set_debuglevel(1)
    server.login(from_addr,password)
    # server.sendmail(from_addr,[to_addr,'[e-mail]','[e-mail]'],msg.as_string())
    lst ="[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail]".split(',')
    server.sendmail(from_addr, lst, msg.as_string())
    server.quit()


# for f in fileList:
#     if os.path.isfile(f):
#         att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
#         att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
#         att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename=' + os.path.basename(f)
#         msg.attach(att)
# 輸入Email地址和口令
from_addr = '[e-mail]'    # 發送郵件的郵箱賬號
password = '@8ddr'                # 發送郵件的郵箱密碼,無需提供
to_addr = '[e-mail]'        # 接收郵件的郵箱賬號
smtp_server = '211.71.136.200'        # 發送郵件郵箱的STMP服務器地址
title = '金融時報和第一財經日報今天數據'
mail_body = '問好：\n\n          附件是金融時報和第一財經日報今天的采集數據\n\n          有問題，請及時聯系，謝謝。'

fileList = []

fileName = "E:\\News\\2018-09-28.csv"
fileList.append(fileName)
fileName = "E:\\News\\2018-09-29.csv"
fileList.append(fileName)
Me_email(from_addr,password,to_addr,smtp_server,title,mail_body,fileList)

 

from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.utils import parseaddr,formataddr
import smtplib
import datetime
import os
import mail_setting

class Mail:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def init(self):
        setobj = mail_setting.mail_setting()
        # 郵件服務器IP
        self.mail_host = setobj.mail_host
        # 郵件服務器端口:587
        self.port = setobj.mail_port
        # 發送人
        self.mail_send = setobj.mail_send
        # 郵件發送人登錄密碼
        self.mail_pass = setobj.mail_pass
        # 介紹人，多個以逗號分隔
        self.mail_receive = str(setobj.mail_receive)
        # 抄送，多個以逗號分隔
        self.mail_chao = str(setobj.mail_chao)
        # 郵件主題內容
        self.mail_subject = setobj.mail_subject
        # 郵件體內容
        self.mail_body = setobj.mail_body
        # 發送的附件路徑
        self.attachmentFileDir = setobj.attachmentFileDir
    # 最終結果通過Email發送

    def _format_addr(self, s):
        name, addr = parseaddr(s)
        return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

    def Me_email(self, from_addr, password, to_addr, to_chao, smtp_server, title, mail_body, fileList):
        # msg = MIMEText('%s' % (result),'plain','utf-8')            # 郵件顯示內容
        msg = MIMEMultipart()
        message = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')
        msg.attach(message)
        msg['From'] = self._format_addr('ICTR <%s>' % from_addr)  # 郵件發送人
        # msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理員 <%s>' % to_addr)
        msg['To'] = to_addr
        if to_chao:
            msg['Cc'] = to_chao
        msg['Subject'] = Header('%s' % (title), 'utf-8').encode()  # 郵件title
        for f in fileList:
            if os.path.isfile(f):
                att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
                att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
                att.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', os.path.basename(f)))
                msg.attach(att)
        server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 587)
        # server.set_debuglevel(1)
        server.login(from_addr, password)
        # server.sendmail(from_addr,[to_addr,'[e-mail]','[e-mail]'],msg.as_string())
        lst = "[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail]".split(',')
        server.sendmail(from_addr, lst, msg.as_string())
        server.quit()

    def SendMail(self, mail_tolist, mail_cclist, fileList):
        ''' 發送郵件
                  :param mail_tolist: 接收者郵件列表，如:['[e-mail]','[e-mail]']
                  :param mail_cclist: 抄送列表，同上
                  :param fileList: 文件列表，同上
              '''
        try:
            msg = MIMEMultipart()
            message = MIMEText(self.mail_body, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')
            msg.attach(message)
            msg['Subject'] = self.mail_subject
            msg['From'] = self._format_addr('ICTR <%s>' % self.mail_send)

            if mail_tolist:
                msg['To'] = ",".join(mail_tolist)
            if len(mail_cclist) > 0:
                msg['Cc'] = ",".join(mail_cclist)
                mail_tolist.extend(mail_cclist)

            if fileList:
                for f in fileList:
                    if os.path.isfile(f):
                        att = MIMEText(open(f, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
                        att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
                        att.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', os.path.basename(f)))
                        msg.attach(att)

            server = smtplib.SMTP(self.mail_host, self.port)
            # 調試狀態設置
            # server.set_debuglevel(1)
            server.login(self.mail_send, self.mail_pass)
            server.sendmail(self.mail_send, mail_tolist, msg.as_string())
            server.quit()
        except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
            print("Error: 無法發送郵件")

    def test(self):
        self.init()

        fileList = []
        dt = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
        fileName = '金融時報_' + dt + '.csv'
        fileName = os.path.join(self.attachmentFileDir, fileName)
        if os.path.exists(fileName):
            fileList.append(fileName)

        fileName = '第一財經日報_' + dt + '.csv'
        fileName = os.path.join(self.attachmentFileDir, fileName)
        if os.path.exists(fileName):
            fileList.append(fileName)

        # 如果沒有附件就不發郵件
        if fileList:
            mail_tolist = []
            if self.mail_receive.find(",") > 0:
                users = self.mail_receive.split(",")
                for user in users:
                    mail_tolist.append(user)
            else:
                mail_tolist.append(self.mail_receive)

            mail_cclist = []
            if self.mail_chao:
                if self.mail_chao.find(",") > 0:
                    users = self.mail_chao.split(",")
                    for user in users:
                        mail_cclist.append(user)
                else:
                    mail_cclist.append(self.mail_chao)

            self.SendMail(mail_tolist, mail_cclist, fileList)