C#網絡編程一：C#網絡編程常用特性

本文轉載自查看原文 2016-12-21 00:07 7264 C#網絡編程

特性一：委托

委托是C#語言中特有的概念，相當於C/C++中的函數指針，與C/C++中函數指針的不同之處是：委托是面向對象的、類型安全的和保險的，是引用類型。因此，對委托的使用要

“先定義、后聲明，接着實例化、然后作為參數傳遞給方法，最后才能使用”。

1、定義委托使用關鍵字delegate:

delegate void SomeDelegate(type1 para1,......typen paran);

2、聲明委托：

SomeDelegate d;

3、實例化委托：

d=new SomeDelegate(obj.InstanceMethod);

其中obj是對象，InstanceMethod是它的實例方法。

4、作為參數傳遞給方法

someMethod(d);

5、最后在此方法的實現代碼中使用委托

private void someMethod(SomeDelegate someDelegate)

{

.....

//使用委托

someDelegate(arg1,arg2,....,argn);

......

}

通過委托SomeDelegate實現對方法InstanceMethod的調用，調用還必須有一個前提條件：方法InstanceMethod有參數且和定義SomeDelegate的參數一致，並且返回類型相同（本例中為void）。方法InstanceMethod的定義：

private void InstanceMethod(type1 para1,type2 para2,......,typen paran)

{

//方法體

.....

}

委托的實例化中的參數既可以是實例方法，也可以是靜態方法。

使用委托實現“文字抄寫員”的小程序，界面如下：

在下方文本框中編輯文字，勾選“書寫到”組框中的“文本區1”和（或）“文本區2”復選框后單擊“提交”按鈕，程序會自動將文本框中的文字“抄寫”到對應的用戶勾選的文本區中去。

代碼實現如下：

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.ComponentModel;
 4 using System.Data;
 5 using System.Drawing;
 6 using System.Linq;
 7 using System.Text;
 8 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 9 using System.Windows.Forms;
10 
11 namespace DelegateDemo
12 {
13     public partial class FrmMain : Form
14     {
15         public FrmMain()
16         {
17             InitializeComponent();
18         }
19 
20         //1、定義委托
21         private delegate void WriteToTextBox(string strTxt);
22         //2、聲明委托
23         private WriteToTextBox writeToTextBox;
24 
25         /// <summary>
26         /// 提交
27         /// </summary>
28         /// <param name="sender"></param>
29         /// <param name="e"></param>
30         private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
31         {
32             if (chbOne.Checked)
33             {
34                 gbJobOne.Text = "運行中......";
35                 gbJobOne.Refresh();
36                 txtJobOne.Clear();
37                 //3、實例化委托
38                 writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox1);
39                 //4、將委托作為方法的參數進行傳遞
40                 WriteText(writeToTextBox);
41                 gbJobOne.Text = "任務1完成";
42             }
43             if (chbTwo.Checked)
44             {
45 
46                 gbJobTwo.Text = "運行中......";
47                 gbJobTwo.Refresh();
48                 txtJobTwo.Clear();
49                 //3、實例化委托
50                 writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox2);
51                 //4、將委托作為方法的參數進行傳遞
52                 WriteText(writeToTextBox);
53                 gbJobTwo.Text = "任務2完成";
54             }
55         }
56 
57 
58         private void WriteText(WriteToTextBox writeMethod)
59         {
60             string strData = this.txt_Input.Text;
61             writeMethod(strData);
62         }
63         private void WriteTextBox1(string strTxt)
64         {
65             this.txtJobOne.Text = strTxt;
66         }
67 
68         private void WriteTextBox2(string strTxt)
69         {
70             this.txtJobTwo.Text = strTxt;
71         }
72 
73         /// <summary>
74         /// 窗體加載事件
75         /// </summary>
76         /// <param name="sender"></param>
77         /// <param name="e"></param>
78         private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
79         {
80             //設置文本框獲取焦點
81             this.ActiveControl = this.txt_Input;
82             //this.txt_Input.Focus();
83         }
84     }
85 }

特性2：多線程

多線程的具體介紹請參考博文：http://www.cnblogs.com/dotnet261010/p/6159984.html

使用多線程實現上一節的程序，代碼如下：

  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using System.ComponentModel;
  4 using System.Data;
  5 using System.Drawing;
  6 using System.Linq;
  7 using System.Text;
  8 using System.Threading.Tasks;
  9 using System.Windows.Forms;
 10 using System.Threading;//引入多線程的命名空間
 11 
 12 namespace DelegateDemo
 13 {
 14     public partial class FrmMain : Form
 15     {
 16         public FrmMain()
 17         {
 18             InitializeComponent();
 19         }
 20 
 21         //1、定義委托
 22         private delegate void WriteToTextBox(string strTxt);
 23         //2、聲明委托
 24         private WriteToTextBox writeToTextBox;
 25 
 26         /// <summary>
 27         /// 提交
 28         /// </summary>
 29         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 30         /// <param name="e"></param>
 31         private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 32         {
 33            //創建線程1
 34             Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk1));
 35             //啟動線程1
 36             thread1.Start();
 37 
 38             //創建線程2
 39             Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk2));
 40             //啟動線程2
 41             thread2.Start();
 42            
 43         }
 44 
 45 
 46         private void ExecuteTsk1()
 47         {
 48             if (chbOne.Checked)
 49             {
 50                 gbJobOne.Text = "運行中......";
 51                 gbJobOne.Refresh();
 52                 txtJobOne.Clear();
 53                 //3、實例化委托
 54                 writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox1);
 55                 //4、將委托作為方法的參數進行傳遞
 56                 WriteText(writeToTextBox);
 57                 gbJobOne.Text = "任務1完成";
 58             }
 59         }
 60 
 61         private void ExecuteTsk2()
 62         {
 63             if (chbTwo.Checked)
 64             {
 65 
 66                 gbJobTwo.Text = "運行中......";
 67                 gbJobTwo.Refresh();
 68                 txtJobTwo.Clear();
 69                 //3、實例化委托
 70                 writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox2);
 71                 //4、將委托作為方法的參數進行傳遞
 72                 WriteText(writeToTextBox);
 73                 gbJobTwo.Text = "任務2完成";
 74             }
 75         }
 76 
 77 
 78         private void WriteText(WriteToTextBox writeMethod)
 79         {
 80             string strData = this.txt_Input.Text;
 81             writeMethod(strData);
 82         }
 83         private void WriteTextBox1(string strTxt)
 84         {
 85             this.txtJobOne.Text = strTxt;
 86         }
 87 
 88         private void WriteTextBox2(string strTxt)
 89         {
 90             this.txtJobTwo.Text = strTxt;
 91         }
 92 
 93         /// <summary>
 94         /// 窗體加載事件
 95         /// </summary>
 96         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 97         /// <param name="e"></param>
 98         private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
 99         {
100             //設置文本框獲取焦點
101             this.ActiveControl = this.txt_Input;
102             //允許跨線程調用
103             Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
104         }
105     }
106 }

特性3：C#方法回調

C#回調的具體介紹請參照博文：http://www.cnblogs.com/dotnet261010/p/6159984.html

使用委托、多線程和C#的方法回調機制實現上一節的程序，代碼如下：

  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using System.ComponentModel;
  4 using System.Data;
  5 using System.Drawing;
  6 using System.Linq;
  7 using System.Text;
  8 using System.Threading.Tasks;
  9 using System.Windows.Forms;
 10 using System.Threading;//引入多線程的命名空間
 11 
 12 namespace DelegateDemo
 13 {
 14     public partial class FrmMain : Form
 15     {
 16         public FrmMain()
 17         {
 18             InitializeComponent();
 19         }
 20 
 21         //1、定義委托
 22         private delegate void WriteToTextBox(string strTxt);
 23         //2、聲明委托
 24         private WriteToTextBox writeToTextBox;
 25 
 26         //定義並聲明操作文本區1的回調
 27         private delegate void WriteTxtJobOneCallBack(string strValue);
 28         WriteTxtJobOneCallBack writeTxtJobOneCallBack;
 29 
 30         //定義並聲明操作文本區2的回調
 31         private delegate void WriteTxtJobTwoCallBack(string strValue);
 32         WriteTxtJobOneCallBack writeTxtJobTwoCallBack;
 33 
 34         //定義並聲明操作"任務1"分組框的回調
 35         private delegate void ShowGroupOneCallBack(string strValue);
 36         ShowGroupOneCallBack showGroupOneCallBack;
 37 
 38         //定義並聲明操作"任務2"分組框的回調
 39         private delegate void ShowGroupTwoCallBack(string strValue);
 40         ShowGroupOneCallBack showGroupTwoCallBack;
 41 
 42        
 43         
 44         /// <summary>
 45         /// 提交
 46         /// </summary>
 47         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 48         /// <param name="e"></param>
 49         private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 50         {
 51            //創建線程1
 52             Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk1));
 53             //啟動線程1
 54             thread1.Start();
 55 
 56             //創建線程2
 57             Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ExecuteTsk2));
 58             //啟動線程2
 59             thread2.Start();
 60            
 61         }
 62 
 63 
 64         private void ExecuteTsk1()
 65         {
 66             if (chbOne.Checked)
 67             {
 68                 //3、實例化委托
 69                 writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox1);
 70                 //4、將委托作為方法的參數進行傳遞
 71                 WriteText(writeToTextBox);
 72                 //使用回調
 73                 this.gbJobOne.Invoke(showGroupOneCallBack, "任務1");
 74             }
 75         }
 76 
 77         private void ExecuteTsk2()
 78         {
 79             if (chbTwo.Checked)
 80             {
 81                 //3、實例化委托
 82                 writeToTextBox = new WriteToTextBox(WriteTextBox2);
 83                 //4、將委托作為方法的參數進行傳遞
 84                 WriteText(writeToTextBox);
 85                 //使用回調
 86                 this.gbJobTwo.Invoke(showGroupTwoCallBack, "任務2");
 87             }
 88         }
 89 
 90         /// <summary>
 91         /// 執行自定義委托
 92         /// </summary>
 93         /// <param name="writeMethod"></param>
 94         private void WriteText(WriteToTextBox writeMethod)
 95         {
 96             string strData = this.txt_Input.Text;
 97             writeMethod(strData);
 98         }
 99 
100         /// <summary>
101         /// 給文本區1賦值
102         /// </summary>
103         /// <param name="strTxt"></param>
104         private void WriteTextBox1(string strTxt)
105         {
106             //使用回調
107             this.txtJobOne.Invoke(writeTxtJobOneCallBack, strTxt);
108         }
109 
110         /// <summary>
111         /// 給文本區2賦值
112         /// </summary>
113         /// <param name="strTxt"></param>
114         private void WriteTextBox2(string strTxt)
115         {
116             //使用回調
117             this.txtJobTwo.Invoke(writeTxtJobTwoCallBack, strTxt);
118         }
119 
120         /// <summary>
121         /// 窗體加載事件
122         /// </summary>
123         /// <param name="sender"></param>
124         /// <param name="e"></param>
125         private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
126         {
127             //設置文本框獲取焦點
128             this.ActiveControl = this.txt_Input;
129             
130             //實例化回調
131             writeTxtJobOneCallBack = new WriteTxtJobOneCallBack(WriteToTextJobOne);
132             writeTxtJobTwoCallBack = new WriteTxtJobOneCallBack(WriteToTextJobTwo);
133             showGroupOneCallBack = new ShowGroupOneCallBack(ShowGroupOne);
134             showGroupTwoCallBack = new ShowGroupOneCallBack(ShowGroupTwo);
135 
136         }
137 
138         /// <summary>
139         /// 操作文本區1的回調要執行的方法
140         /// </summary>
141         /// <param name="strValue"></param>
142         private void WriteToTextJobOne(string strValue)
143         {
144             this.txtJobOne.Text = strValue;
145         }
146 
147         /// <summary>
148         /// 操作文本區2的回調要執行的方法
149         /// </summary>
150         /// <param name="strValue"></param>
151         private void WriteToTextJobTwo(string strValue)
152         {
153             this.txtJobTwo.Text = strValue;
154         }
155 
156         /// <summary>
157         /// 操作"任務1"分組框的回調要執行的方法
158         /// </summary>
159         /// <param name="strValue"></param>
160         private void ShowGroupOne(string strValue)
161         {
162             this.gbJobOne.Text = strValue;
163         }
164 
165         /// <summary>
166         /// 操作"任務2"分組框的回調要執行的方法
167         /// </summary>
168         /// <param name="strValue"></param>
169         private void ShowGroupTwo(string strValue)
170         {
171             this.gbJobTwo.Text = strValue;
172         }
173     }
174 }

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