前言
在WEB中,經常要使用到將數據轉換成EXCEL,並進行下載。這里整理資料並封裝了一個自定義ActionResult類,便於使用。如果文章對你有幫助,請點個贊。
話不多少,這里轉換EXCEL使用的NPOI。還是用了一下反射的知識,便於識別實體類的一些自定義特性。
一、自定義一個Attribute
using System; namespace WebSeat.Entity.Member.Attributes { /// <summary> /// 說明:Excel屬性特性 /// 創建日期:2016/12/13 14:24:13 /// 創建人:曹永承 /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All, Inherited = false, AllowMultiple = true), Serializable] public class ExcelDataOptionAttribute:Attribute { /// <summary> /// 顯示列下標 /// </summary> public ushort ColumnIndex { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 顯示名稱 /// </summary> public string DisplayName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 列寬 /// </summary> public int ColumnWidth { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 單元格數據格式 /// </summary> public string Formater { get; set; } } }
該Attribute用於標記到實體對象的屬性上,后面通過反射來識別具體的值
二、定義一個實體類
using WebSeat.Entity.Member.Attributes; namespace WebSeat.Entity.Member.Excel { /// <summary> /// 說明:市首頁數據統計Excel表格樣式 /// 創建日期:2016/12/13 14:19:27 /// 創建人:曹永承 /// </summary> public class CityStatics { [ExcelDataOption(ColumnIndex = 0, DisplayName = "時段",Formater ="@", ColumnWidth = 14)] public string DataDuring { get; set; } [ExcelDataOption(ColumnIndex =1,DisplayName ="城市",ColumnWidth =14)] public string City { get; set; } [ExcelDataOption(ColumnIndex = 2, DisplayName = "登錄人數", ColumnWidth = 12)] public int StudentLoginedCount { get; set; } [ExcelDataOption(ColumnIndex = 3,DisplayName ="登錄次數", ColumnWidth = 12)] public int StudentLoginTimes { get; set; } [ExcelDataOption(ColumnIndex = 4,DisplayName ="登錄率",Formater ="0.00%", ColumnWidth = 12)] public decimal StudentLoginRatio { get; set; } [ExcelDataOption(ColumnIndex = 5,DisplayName ="學習節數", ColumnWidth = 12)] public int StudyPeriod { get; set; } [ExcelDataOption(ColumnIndex = 6, DisplayName = "學習次數", ColumnWidth = 12)] public int StudyTimes { get; set; } [ExcelDataOption(ColumnIndex = 7, DisplayName = "人均學習節數(節/人)", Formater = "0.00", ColumnWidth =23)] public decimal StudyRatio { get; set; } [ExcelDataOption(ColumnIndex = 8, DisplayName = "轉化率",Formater = "0.00%", ColumnWidth = 12)] public decimal StudyConvertRatio { get; set; } } }
注意:如果屬性沒有標注ExcelDataOption特性,那么該屬性是不會導出到EXCEL中。
ExcelDataOption中Formater屬性,是設置單元格數據類型,這里對於excel中單元格的數據顯示個數,例如上面"0.00%"表示以百分百的形式顯示數字,且保留2位有效小數
三、定義一個Excel導出父類
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; using WebSeat.Site.Member.Helper; namespace WebSeat.Site.Member.CustomResult { /// <summary> /// 說明:導出Excel /// 創建日期:2016/12/13 13:12:37 /// 創建人:曹永承 /// </summary> public abstract class ExcelBaseResult<T> :ActionResult { #region 屬性 /// <summary> /// 數據實體 /// </summary> public IList<T> Entity { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 下載文件名稱(不包含擴展名) /// </summary> public string FileName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 是否顯示標題 /// </summary> public bool ShowTitle { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 標題 /// </summary> public string Title { get; set; } /// <summary> /// ContentType /// </summary> public string ContentType { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 擴展名 /// </summary> public string ExtName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 獲取下載文件全名 /// </summary> public string FullName { get { return FileName + ExtName; } } #endregion #region 構造函數 public ExcelBaseResult(IList<T> entity, string fileName,bool showTitle,string title) { this.Entity = entity; this.FileName = fileName; this.ShowTitle = showTitle; this.Title = title; } #endregion #region 抽象方法 public abstract MemoryStream GetExcelStream(); #endregion #region 重寫ExecuteResult public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context) { using(MemoryStream ms = GetExcelStream()) { context.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("Content-Length", ms.Length.ToString()); context.HttpContext.Response.ContentType = ContentType; context.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + FullName.EncodingDownloadFileName()); ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); Stream output = context.HttpContext.Response.OutputStream; byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 10]; int readSize = 0; while ((readSize = ms.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length)) > 0) { output.Write(bytes, 0, readSize); context.HttpContext.Response.Flush(); } } } #endregion } }
主要因為Excel有不同版本,所有定義了一個父類,其子類只需要實現方法
public abstract MemoryStream GetExcelStream();
四、定義一個子類繼承ExcelBaseResult
這里實現了一個導出.xls格式(2003版本的)到子類
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Reflection; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; using NPOI.SS.UserModel; using WebSeat.Entity.Member.Attributes; using WebSeat.Site.Member.CustomResult; namespace WebSeat.Site.Member.CustomResult { /// <summary> /// 說明:導出成.xls格式的Excel /// 創建日期:2016/12/13 13:51:23 /// 創建人:曹永承 /// </summary> public class Excel2003Result<T>: ExcelBaseResult<T> where T:new() { public Excel2003Result(IList<T> entity, string fileName,bool showTitle,string title) :base(entity, fileName, showTitle, title) { ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel"; ExtName = ".xls"; } public override MemoryStream GetExcelStream() { MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); //獲取實體屬性 PropertyInfo[] propertys = typeof(T).GetProperties(); if (propertys.Count() == 0) { return ms; } //創建Excel對象 IWorkbook book = new HSSFWorkbook(); //添加一個sheet ISheet sheet1 = book.CreateSheet("Sheet1"); var index = ShowTitle ? 1 : 0; //樣式設置 IFont cellfont = book.CreateFont(); cellfont.FontHeightInPoints = 11; cellfont.FontName = "宋體"; ICellStyle cellStyle = book.CreateCellStyle(); cellStyle.VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center; cellStyle.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center; cellStyle.SetFont(cellfont); IRow rowColumnHead = sheet1.CreateRow(index); IDataFormat format = book.CreateDataFormat(); ushort firstColumn = ushort.MaxValue, lastColumn = ushort.MinValue; //第一列下標和最后一列下標 //添加列頭 for (int j = 0; j < propertys.Count(); j++) { ExcelDataOptionAttribute dataOption = propertys[j].GetCustomAttribute<ExcelDataOptionAttribute>(); if (dataOption == null) { continue; } IFont font = book.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 11; font.FontName = "宋體"; ICellStyle style = book.CreateCellStyle(); style.VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center; style.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center; style.SetFont(font); if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(dataOption.Formater)) { style.DataFormat = format.GetFormat(dataOption.Formater); } sheet1.SetDefaultColumnStyle(dataOption.ColumnIndex, style); ICell cell = rowColumnHead.CreateCell(dataOption.ColumnIndex); cell.SetCellValue(dataOption.DisplayName); firstColumn = firstColumn < dataOption.ColumnIndex ? firstColumn : dataOption.ColumnIndex; lastColumn = lastColumn > dataOption.ColumnIndex ? lastColumn : dataOption.ColumnIndex; } index = ShowTitle ? 2 : 1; //將各行數據顯示出來 for (int i = 0; i < Entity.Count; i++) { IRow row = sheet1.CreateRow(i + index); //循環各屬性,添加列 for (int j = 0; j < propertys.Count(); j++) { ExcelDataOptionAttribute dataOption = propertys[j].GetCustomAttribute<ExcelDataOptionAttribute>(); if (dataOption == null) { continue; } ICell cell = row.CreateCell(dataOption.ColumnIndex); //樣式設置 //cell.CellStyle = cellStyle; if (dataOption.ColumnWidth != 0) { sheet1.SetColumnWidth(dataOption.ColumnIndex, dataOption.ColumnWidth*256); } //根據數據類型判斷顯示格式 if (propertys[j].PropertyType == typeof (int)) { cell.SetCellValue((int)propertys[j].GetValue(Entity[i])); }else if (propertys[j].PropertyType == typeof (decimal) || propertys[j].PropertyType == typeof(double) || propertys[j].PropertyType == typeof(float)) { cell.SetCellValue(Convert.ToDouble(propertys[j].GetValue(Entity[i])) ); } else { cell.SetCellValue(propertys[j].GetValue(Entity[i]).ToString()); } } } //將標題合並 if (ShowTitle) { IRow rowHead = sheet1.CreateRow(0); ICell cellHead = rowHead.CreateCell(firstColumn); cellHead.SetCellValue(Title); //樣式設置 IFont font = book.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 14; font.IsBold = true; ICellStyle style = book.CreateCellStyle(); style.VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center; style.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center; style.SetFont(font); cellHead.CellStyle = style; rowHead.HeightInPoints = 20.25f; sheet1.AddMergedRegion(new NPOI.SS.Util.CellRangeAddress(0, 0, firstColumn, lastColumn)); } book.Write(ms); ms.Seek(0, System.IO.SeekOrigin.Begin); return ms; } } }
五、下載文件中文名稱出現亂碼問題
上面第二步,在Excel導出父類中,有這么一句代碼
context.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + FullName.EncodingDownloadFileName());
其中EncodingDownloadFileName
方法是一個String的擴展類,用於將文件名稱進行編碼,避免出現亂碼的情況。
之前測試過程中,在沒有使用轉碼的過程中,發現IE瀏覽器在下載時,中文名稱出現了亂碼的情況,其他瀏覽器正常(這里只測試了IE瀏覽器、谷歌瀏覽器、火狐瀏覽器、QQ瀏覽器、360瀏覽器和360極速瀏覽器)。后來使用了
HttpContext.Current.Server.UrlEncode(filename)對文件名稱進行轉碼后發現,IE瀏覽器正常了,除了火狐瀏覽器,其他瀏覽器都正常。所有就想到當使用火狐瀏覽器訪問時不對名稱進行轉碼,后來寫一個String的擴展方法,方便后期其他下載類使用
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace WebSeat.Site.Member.Helper { /// <summary> /// 說明:String擴展方法 /// 創建日期:2016/12/19 9:45:10 /// 創建人:曹永承 /// </summary> public static class StringHelperExtend { public static string EncodingDownloadFileName(this string filename) { if (filename == null) { throw new NullReferenceException("filename不能為空"); } string agent = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["User-Agent"]; //如果不是火狐瀏覽器都進行編碼 if (agent != null && agent.ToLower().IndexOf("firefox") < 0) { return HttpContext.Current.Server.UrlEncode(filename); } return filename; } } }
六、代碼使用
public ActionResult ExportExcel() { //獲取數據 IList<CityStatics> list = new List<CityStatics>(); ...... ExcelBaseResult<CityStatics> excel = new Excel2003Result<CityStatics>(list, "1.xls", true, "全市各區數據 名稱:成都"); return excel; }
這樣就可以了,看看下載后的excel
補充說明:如果使用gzip壓縮方式的,那么文件下載時無法顯示文件大小的