一、Nginx安裝(略)
安裝的時候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module,因為http_ssl_module不屬於Nginx的基本模塊。
Nginx安裝方法:
# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module # make && make install
二、生成證書(略)
可以使用openssl生成證書:
可參考:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5865501.html
比如生成如下兩個證書文件(假設存放路徑為/usr/local/nginx/cert/):
wangshibo.crt
wangshibo.key
三、修改Nginx配置
server { listen 443; server_name www.wangshibo.com; root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/; ssl on; ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt; ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main; error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log; if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) { //對訪問的來源ip做白名單限制 rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; #include fastcgi_params; include fastcgi.conf; } }
http訪問強制跳轉到https
網站添加了https證書后,當http方式訪問網站時就會報404錯誤,所以需要做http到https的強制跳轉設置.
一、采用nginx的rewrite方法
1) 下面是將所有的http請求通過rewrite重寫到https上。 例如將所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http訪問強制跳轉到https。 下面配置均可以實現: 配置1: server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; //這是ngixn早前的寫法,現在還可以使用。 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } ================================================================ 上面的跳轉配置rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; 也可以改為下面 rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent; 或者 rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent; ================================================================ 配置2: server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; //這是nginx最新支持的寫法 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 配置3:這種方式適用於多域名的時候,即訪問wangshibo.com的http也會強制跳轉到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面 server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") { rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent; } location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 配置4:下面是最簡單的一種配置 server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent; } location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }
二、采用nginx的497狀態碼 (非標准443端口的https情況下使用的強轉配置方式)
497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS 解釋:當網站只允許https訪問時,當用http訪問時nginx會報出497錯誤碼 思路: 利用error_page命令將497狀態碼的鏈接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com這個域名上 配置實例: 如下訪問dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都會被強制跳轉到https server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 也可以將80和443的配置放在一起: server { listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl端口 listen 127.0.0.1:80; #用戶習慣用http訪問,加上80,后面通過497狀態碼讓它自動跳到443端口 server_name dev.wangshibo.com; #為一個server{......}開啟ssl支持 ssl on; #指定PEM格式的證書文件 ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem; #指定PEM格式的私鑰文件 ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key; #讓http請求重定向到https請求 error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }
如果遇到非標准443端口的https情況下,則http到https的強轉配置就需要使用上面這種497狀態碼的方式了。如下:
server { listen 9443 ssl; server_name www.kevin.com; error_page 497 https://$server_name:9443$request_uri; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.key; ......... 這樣訪問http://www.kevin.com:9443 就會自動跳轉到https://www.kevin.com:9443。 這種方式直接配置https端口就可以,不需要再配置http端口。
三、利用meta的刷新作用將http跳轉到https
上述的方法均會耗費服務器的資源,可以借鑒百度使用的方法:巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用,將http跳轉到https 可以基於http://dev.wangshibo.com的虛擬主機路徑下寫一個index.html,內容就是http向https的跳轉 將下面的內容追加到index.html首頁文件內 [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html <html> <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/"> </html> [root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; #將404的頁面重定向到https的首頁 error_page 404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/; location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }
這里分享一個nginx反代tomcat,並且http強制跳轉至https的配置示例(這里訪問http://zrx.wangshibo.com和訪問http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/結果是一樣的)
[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf server { listen 80; server_name zrx.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log logs/access.log; error_log logs/error.log; return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; location ~ / { root /data/nginx/html; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } [root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf upstream tomcat8 { server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; } server { listen 443; server_name zrx.wangshibo.com; ssl on; ### SSL log files ### access_log logs/ssl-access.log; error_log logs/ssl-error.log; ### SSL cert files ### ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer; ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; location / { proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_redirect off; } }
四、通過proxy_redirec方式
解決辦法: # re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home proxy_redirect http:// https://;