MongoDb 命令查詢所有數據庫列表 CODE: > show dbs
如果想查看當前連接在哪個數據庫下面，可以直接輸入db
CODE: > db Admin
想切換到test數據庫下面 CODE: > use test
想查看test下有哪些表或者叫collection，可以輸入 CODE: > show collections
想知道mongodb支持哪些命令，可以直接輸入help CODE: > help
HELP
show dbs show database names
show collections show collections in current database
show users show users in current database
show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
use <db name> set curent database to <db name>
db.help() help on DB methods
db.foo.help() help on collection methods
db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo
db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1
如果想知道當前數據庫支持哪些方法： CODE: > db.help();
DB methods:
db.addUser(username, password) 添加數據庫授權用戶
db.auth(username, password) 訪問認證
db.cloneDatabase(fromhost) 克隆數據庫
db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command
db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost) 復制數據庫
db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } ) 創建表
db.currentOp() displays the current operation in the db
db.dropDatabase() 刪除當前數據庫
db.eval_r(func, args) run code server-side
db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname
db.getCollectionNames() 獲取當前數據庫的表名
db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string
db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object
db.getMongo() get the server connection object
db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow this connection to read from the nonmaster member of a replica pair db.getName()
db.getPrevError()
db.getProfilingLevel()
db.getReplicationInfo()
db.getSisterDB(name) get the db at the same server as this onew
db.killOp() kills the current operation in the db
db.printCollectionStats() 打印各表的狀態信息
db.printReplicationInfo() 打印主數據庫的復制狀態信息
db.printSlaveReplicationInfo() 打印從數據庫的復制狀態信息
db.printShardingStatus() 打印分片狀態信息
db.removeUser(username) 刪除數據庫用戶
db.repairDatabase() 修復數據庫
db.resetError()
db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj : 1 }
db.setProfilingLevel(level) 0=off 1=slow 2=all
db.shutdownServer()
db.version() current version of the server
如果想知道當前數據庫下的表或者表collection支持哪些方法，可以使用一下命令如： CODE:
> db.user.help(); user為表名
DBCollection help
db.foo.count() 統計表的行數
db.foo.dataSize() 統計表數據的大小
db.foo.distinct( key ) - eg. db.foo.distinct( 'x' ) 按照給定的條件除重
db.foo.drop() drop the collection 刪除表
db.foo.dropIndex(name) 刪除指定索引
db.foo.dropIndexes() 刪除所有索引
db.foo.ensureIndex(keypattern,options) - options should be an object with these possible fields: name, unique, dropDups 增加索引
db.foo.find( [query] , [fields]) - first parameter is an optional query filter. second parameter is optional set of fields to return.
根據條件查找數據 -----------------------
通過條件查詢： db.foo.find( { x : 77 } , { name : 1 , x : 1 } ) -----------------------------
db.foo.find(...).count() db.foo.find(...).limit(n) 根據條件查找數據並返回指定記錄數
db.foo.find(...).skip(n)
db.foo.find(...).sort(...) 查找排序
db.foo.findOne([query]) 根據條件查詢只查詢一條數據
db.foo.getDB() get DB object associated with collection 返回表所屬的庫
db.foo.getIndexes() 顯示表的所有索引
db.foo.group( { key : ..., initial: ..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } ) 根據條件分組
db.foo.mapReduce( mapFunction , reduceFunction , <optional params> )
db.foo.remove(query) 根據條件刪除數據
db.foo.renameCollection( newName ) renames the collection 重命名表
db.foo.save(obj) 保存數據
db.foo.stats() 查看表的狀態
db.foo.storageSize() - includes free space allocated to this collection 查詢分配到表空間大小
db.foo.totalIndexSize() - size in bytes of all the indexes 查詢所有索引的大小
db.foo.totalSize() - storage allocated for all data and indexes 查詢表的總大小
db.foo.update(query, object[, upsert_bool]) 根據條件更新數據
db.foo.validate() - SLOW 驗證表的詳細信息
db.foo.getShardVersion() - only for use with sharding
Mongodb的備份工具mongodump
如果想備份數據庫test 如：
CODE:
[falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongodump --help
options: --help produce help message
-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to
-d [ --db ] arg database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
-u [ --username ] arg username
-p [ --password ] arg password
--dbpath arg directly access mongod data files in this path,
instead of connecting to a mongod instance
-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
-o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory
[falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongodump -d test -o test/
connected to: 127.0.0.1
DATABASE: test to test/test
test.user to test/test/user.bson
100000 objects
test.system.indexes to test/test/system.indexes.bson
1 objects
[falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ls
2 mongo mongodump mongofiles mongorestore mongosniff
dump mongod mongoexport mongoimport mongos test
MongoDB的數據恢復工具mongorestore
查看test庫中的表
CODE: > show collections User
刪除user表
CODE:
> db.user.drop(); True
> show collections
現在利用mongorestore表恢復剛才利用mongodump備份的數據
CODE:
[falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongorestore --help
usage: ./mongorestore [options] [directory or filename to restore from]
options:
--help produce help message
-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to
-d [ --db ] arg database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
-u [ --username ] arg username
-p [ --password ] arg password
--dbpath arg directly access mongod data files in this path,
instead of connecting to a mongod instance
-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
[falcon@www.fwphp.cn ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongorestore -d test -c user test/test/user.bson
connected to: 127.0.0.1
test/test/user.bson
going into namespace [test.user]
100000 objects
User表中的10w條記錄已經恢復
CODE:
> show collections
system.indexes user
> db.user.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347000000"), "uid" : 1, "username" : "Falcon.C-1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347010000"), "uid" : 2, "username" : "Falcon.C-2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347020000"), "uid" : 3, "username" : "Falcon.C-3" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347030000"), "uid" : 4, "username" : "Falcon.C-4" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347040000"), "uid" : 5, "username" : "Falcon.C-5" }
.................
has more
1. 超級用戶相關：
#增加或修改用戶密碼
db.addUser('admin','pwd')
#查看用戶列表
db.system.users.find()
#用戶認證
db.auth('admin','pwd')
#刪除用戶
db.removeUser('mongodb')
#查看所有用戶
show users
#查看所有數據庫
show dbs
#查看所有的collection
show collections
#查看各collection的狀態
db.printCollectionStats()
#查看主從復制狀態
db.printReplicationInfo()
#修復數據庫
db.repairDatabase()
#設置記錄profiling，0=off 1=slow 2=all
db.setProfilingLevel(1)
#查看profiling
show profile
#拷貝數據庫
db.copyDatabase('mail_addr','mail_addr_tmp')
#刪除collection
db.mail_addr.drop()
#刪除當前的數據庫
db.dropDatabase()
2. 客戶端連接
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo user_addr -u user -p 'pwd'
3. 增刪改
#存儲嵌套的對象
db.foo.save({'name':'ysz','address':{'city':'beijing','post':100096},'phone':[138,139]})
#存儲數組對象
db.user_addr.save({'Uid':'yushunzhi@sohu.com','Al':['test-1@sohu.com','test-2@sohu.com']})
#根據query條件修改，如果不存在則插入，允許修改多條記錄
db.foo.update({'yy':5},{'$set':{'xx':2}},upsert=true,multi=true)
#刪除yy=5的記錄
db.foo.remove({'yy':5})
#刪除所有的記錄
db.foo.remove()
4. 索引
增加索引：1(ascending),-1(descending)
db.things.ensureIndex({firstname: 1, lastname: 1}, {unique: true});
#索引子對象
db.user_addr.ensureIndex({'Al.Em': 1})
#查看索引信息
db.deliver_status.getIndexes()
db.deliver_status.getIndexKeys()
#根據索引名刪除索引
db.user_addr.dropIndex('Al.Em_1')
5. 查詢
查找所有
db.foo.find()
#查找一條記錄
db.foo.findOne()
#根據條件檢索10條記錄
db.foo.find({'msg':'Hello 1'}).limit(10)
#sort排序
db.deliver_status.find({'From':'yushunzhi@sohu.com'}).sort({'Dt',-1})
db.deliver_status.find().sort({'Ct':-1}).limit(1)
#count操作
db.user_addr.count()
#distinct操作
db.foo.distinct('msg')
#>操作
db.foo.find({"timestamp": {"$gte" : 2}})
#子對象的查找
db.foo.find({'address.city':'beijing'})
6. 管理
查看collection數據的大小
db.deliver_status.dataSize()
#查看colleciont狀態
db.deliver_status.stats()
#查詢所有索引的大小
db.deliver_status.totalIndexSize()