JPA 系列教程1-環境搭建

JPA

• JPA全稱Java Persistence API.

• JPA通過JDK 5.0注解或XML描述對象－關系表的映射關系，並將運行期的實體對象持久化到數據庫中。

• Hibernate3.2+、TopLink(EclipseLink)以及OpenJPA都提供了JPA的實現。

搭建JPA開發環境

• JPA依賴的jar文件、數據庫驅動文件
• 配置文件：META-INF\persistence.xml
• 領域對象，POJO
• EntityManagerFactory

異常

• javax.persistence.PersistenceException: No Persistence provider for EntityManager named com.jege.jpa

• Hibernate從3.5開始必須添加hibernate-entitymanager相應jar文件支持JPA，否則使用JPA會出現如上異常

maven的pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.jege.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>jpa-single-table</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0.RELEASE</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>jpa-single-table</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</hibernate.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.40</mysql.version>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 必須添加 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>jpa-single-table</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

persistence.xml

JPA規范要求在類路徑的META-INF目錄下放置persistence.xml，文件的名稱是固定的

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
    version="2.0">
    <persistence-unit name="com.jege.jpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <properties>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
            <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql:///jpa" />
            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root" />
            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="admin" />

            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect" />

            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create" />
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

JPA領域對象POJO

• 必須使用javax.persistence.Entity注解或者在XML映射文件中有對應的元素。
• 必須具有一個不帶參的構造函數，類不能聲明final，方法和持久化的屬性也不能聲明成final。並且持久化的屬性修飾符不能為public。
• 如果POJO實體需要以值的方式進行傳遞如Session bean，或者作為主鍵，則必須實現Serializable接口

源碼地址

https://github.com/je-ge/jpa

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