進擊的docker 二： docker 快速入門

本文轉載自查看原文 2016-12-05 10:53 3522 docker

1、安裝docker

1.1、安裝環境

[root@docker ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
[root@docker ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64

安裝環境

1.2、安裝docker

yum install docker -y

安裝docker

1.3、查看安裝結果

[root@docker ~]# rpm -qa docker
docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.14.x86_64
[root@docker ~]# docker --version
Docker version 1.10.3, build cb079f6-unsupported

查看docker版本

我們可以通過官方的yum源安裝docker1.12，或在docker官網下載最新版本。

Docker官網：http://www.docker.com/

注：使用docker目前使用的越新越好，因為docker一直都在不足，每次更新都更加的完善。

2、啟動docker

2.1、啟動docker鏡像

[root@docker ~]# systemctl start docker

啟動docker

2.2、查看docker狀態

[root@docker ~]# systemctl  status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-12-01 20:17:44 CST; 13s ago
     Docs: http://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 7595 (docker-current)
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           └─7595 /usr/bin/docker-current daemon --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald

Dec 01 20:17:41 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:41.379210415+08:00" level=warning msg="Docker could not enable SELinux on the host system"
Dec 01 20:17:41 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:41.528222902+08:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.01 seconds"
Dec 01 20:17:42 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:42.301945116+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld running: true"
Dec 01 20:17:43 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:43.809557691+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.1...IP address"
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395349153+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395640410+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395690801+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395765160+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=cb079f6-unsupported execdriver=native-0...sion=1.10.3
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current[7595]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.511453473+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

查看docker狀態

2.3、關閉docker

systemctl stop docker

關閉docker

2.4、查看本地網絡

ifconfig 
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 02:42:61:c2:8e:54  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.129  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        ether 00:0c:29:1c:0e:08  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 182195  bytes 17035479 (16.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 14495  bytes 1810618 (1.7 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 4  bytes 200 (200.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4  bytes 200 (200.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ifconfig

docker啟動后，會生成一個docker:0的網卡（虛擬機也會生成）。

3、基礎命令講解

下面我將以docker的三大組件，分別講解命令。

鏡像
容器
倉庫

3.1、鏡像

docker 運行容器前需要本地存在對應的鏡像，如果鏡像本地不存在，docker會從鏡像倉庫下載（默認從Docker Hub倉庫下載）。

3.1.1、搜索

docker search [鏡像名稱]

例：查看dockerhub中nginx的鏡像。

[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx
INDEX       NAME                                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/nginx                     Official build of Nginx.                        4755      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/jwilder/nginx-proxy       Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c...   880                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ...   315                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/million12/nginx-php       Nginx + PHP-FPM 5.5, 5.6, 7.0 (NG), CentOS...   76                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/webdevops/php-nginx       Nginx with PHP-FPM                              63                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/maxexcloo/nginx-php       Framework container with nginx and PHP-FPM...   58                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/nginx             Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      20                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/evild/alpine-nginx        Minimalistic Docker image with Nginx            8                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/gists/nginx               Nginx on Alpine                                 8                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/maxexcloo/nginx           Framework container with nginx installed.       7                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/webdevops/nginx           Nginx container                                 7                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/1science/nginx            Nginx Docker images that include Consul Te...   4                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/drupaldocker/nginx        NGINX for Drupal                                3                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/ixbox/nginx               Nginx on Alpine Linux.                          3                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/blacklabelops/nginx       Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server.          2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/dock0/nginx               Arch container running nginx                    2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/frekele/nginx             docker run --rm --name nginx -p 80:80 -p 4...   2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/servivum/nginx            Nginx Docker Image with Useful Tools            2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/xataz/nginx               Light nginx image                               2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/yfix/nginx                Yfix own build of the nginx-extras package      2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/radial/nginx              Spoke container for Nginx, a high performa...   1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tozd/nginx                Dockerized nginx.                               1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/c4tech/nginx              Several nginx images for web applications.      0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/unblibraries/nginx        Baseline non-PHP nginx container                0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/watsco/nginx              nginx:1.11-alpine                               0                    [OK]

查看倉庫鏡像

3.1.2、下載

docker pull [鏡像名稱]

例：下載docker.io/centos/redis

 docker pull  docker.io/centos/redis 
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/centos/redis ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/centos/redis

1d702521dae2: Downloading [=>                                                 ] 118.7 kB/5.587 MB
0de01b15a36f: Download complete 
66479f7f733c: Download complete 
c7e83aba718a: Download complete 
dda623482619: Download complete 
dda623482619: Pulling fs layer

下載鏡像

3.1.3 導出鏡像

docker save -o [鏡像包名] [鏡像名稱]

例：導出centos基礎鏡像為centos.tar

[root@docker ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
oldboy/nginx1       latest              c436de4b837a        5 days ago          401.1 MB
<none>              <none>              6ab373e100c9        5 days ago          181.4 MB
oldboy/nginx        v1                  99695fe97fb5        5 days ago          181.4 MB
docker.io/nginx     latest              05a60462f8ba        3 weeks ago         181.4 MB
docker.io/centos    latest              0584b3d2cf6d        4 weeks ago         196.5 MB
[root@docker ~]# docker save -o centos.tar docker.io/centos
[root@docker ~]# ll -h centos.tar 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 195M Dec  1 20:54 centos.tar

導出鏡像

3.1.4、導入鏡像

docker load --input [鏡像包名]

docker load <[鏡像包名]

3.1.5 查看已有鏡像

docker images

[root@docker ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
oldboy/nginx1       latest              c436de4b837a        5 days ago          401.1 MB
oldboy/nginx        v1                  99695fe97fb5        5 days ago          181.4 MB
docker.io/nginx     latest              05a60462f8ba        3 weeks ago         181.4 MB
docker.io/centos    latest              0584b3d2cf6d        4 weeks ago         196.5 MB

查看已有鏡像

在列出的信息中，可以看到幾個字段的信息

來自於那個倉庫（REPOSITORY）
鏡像標記（TAG）
它的ID號（唯一）
創建時間
鏡像大小

3.1.6刪除鏡像

docker rni [鏡像id]

例：刪除一個鏡像

[root@docker ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
oldboy/nginx1       latest              c436de4b837a        5 days ago          401.1 MB
<none>              <none>              6ab373e100c9        5 days ago          181.4 MB
oldboy/nginx        v1                  99695fe97fb5        5 days ago          181.4 MB
docker.io/nginx     latest              05a60462f8ba        3 weeks ago         181.4 MB
docker.io/centos    latest              0584b3d2cf6d        4 weeks ago         196.5 MB
daemon: conflict: unable to delete 0584b3d2cf6d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 6ab373e100c9 
[root@docker ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
oldboy/nginx1       latest              c436de4b837a        5 days ago          401.1 MB
oldboy/nginx        v1                  99695fe97fb5        5 days ago          181.4 MB
docker.io/nginx     latest              05a60462f8ba        3 weeks ago         181.4 MB
docker.io/centos    latest              0584b3d2cf6d        4 weeks ago         196.5 MB

刪除鏡像

注：不能刪除已有容器的鏡像

例：刪除一個已有容器的鏡像

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 0584b3d2cf6d
Failed to remove image (0584b3d2cf6d): Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 0584b3d2cf6d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images

錯誤

例：移除本地所有未打過標簽的本地鏡像

docker images可以列出本地所有的鏡像，其中可能包含很多中間狀態的來打過標簽的鏡像，大量占據着磁盤空間。

使用下面命令可以清理所有未打過標簽的本地鏡像

docker rmi $(docker images -q -f "danglingture")

刪除未打標簽的本地鏡像

3.1.7創建鏡像

創建鏡像為較為復雜點，在之后的文檔中會詳細介紹。

3.2容器

容器是獨立運行的一個或一組應用，以及他們的運行環境。對應的虛擬機可以理解為模擬運行的一套操作系統（提供了運行環境和其他其系統環境）和跑在上面的應用。

3.2.1、啟動容器

啟動容器的方式

基於鏡像新建一個容器並啟動。
將終止狀態的容器重新啟動。

容器太輕量了，很多時候用戶都是隨時刪除和新創建容器。

docker run [選項、參數] 鏡像名稱 [執行的命令]

注：如果不指定鏡像名稱會自動生成名稱

例：輸出一個hello world ，之后終止容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run docker.io/centos /bin/echo 'hello world'
hello world
這跟直接在本地執行一個hello world 沒有任何區別。

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"   16 seconds ago      Exited (0) 11 seconds ago                       gigantic_sinoussi

因為沒有指定容器名稱，所以他自己自動生成了gigantic_sinoussi

hello world

例：啟動一個bash，允許用戶交互，指定容器名稱為mycentos

[root@docker ~]# docker run -i -t --name mycentos docker.io/centos  /bin/bash
[root@c761cee8863f /]#

-name:指定容器名稱
-t：讓docker分配一個偽終端

-i：讓容器的標准輸入打開（input）

創建可交互容器

接上例：在交互模戶，模式下。用戶可以通過所創建的終端來輸入命令

[root@c761cee8863f /]# pwd
/
[root@c761cee8863f /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

可交互容器操作

繼續接上例：在可交互模式查看進程，本地信息

[root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.0  11752  1876 ?        Ss   15:44   0:00 /bin/bash
root        17  0.0  0.0  47424  1660 ?        R+   16:02   0:00 ps aux
[root@c761cee8863f /]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1993         158        1121           8         713        1669
Swap:           475           0         475
[root@c761cee8863f /]# exit
[root@docker ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1993         147        1140           8         706        1681
Swap:           475           0         475

容器不是一個虛擬機，他只是一個進程，pid為1的進程結束了，這個容器就掛了，他就是為了隔離這個進程而存在的。

docker的隔離性並不是很好，在物理機可以看到服務器的硬件信息，docker本身不能解決，但是可以用一些黑科技解決，當然如果自己用的話也可以不用解決這個問題。

交互模式下的進程及內存

docker run來創建容器時，docker在后台運行的標准操作包括：

檢查本地是否存在指定的鏡像，不存在就從倉庫下載。
利用鏡像創建並啟動一個鏡像
分配一個文件系統，並在只讀的鏡像層外面掛載一層可讀寫層。
從宿主主機配置的網橋接口中橋接一個虛擬接口到容器中去
從地址池配置一個ip地址給容器
執行用戶指定的應用程序
執行完畢后容器被終止

3.2.2、啟動已經終止的容器

docker start [容器名稱|容器id]

例：啟動mycentos

[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"              35 minutes ago      Exited (0) 18 minutes ago                       mycentos
ccfc03f90613        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo /bin/bash"    36 minutes ago      Exited (0) 36 minutes ago                       elated_brown
443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"   44 minutes ago      Exited (0) 44 minutes ago                       gigantic_sinoussi
[root@docker ~]# docker start mycentos
mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"         36 minutes ago      Up 3 seconds                            mycentos

啟動mycentos

注：有的人想在容器起來的時候在執行其他的東西。這是不推薦的因為docker的理念，不可變基礎設施，不要修改容器（前面有講解），再重新創建一個就可以了，已改動就可變了。

3.2.3、后台運行

更多的時候需要讓Docker 在后台運行而不是直接執行命令的結果輸出在當前宿主機下，此時，可以通過添加 -d 參數來實現。

例：如果不使用-d參數運行容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run   centos echo hello world 
hello world

不使用-d參數

容器會把輸出結果打印到宿主機上

例：使用-d參數

[root@docker ~]# docker run  -d centos echo hello world
f6f8844f843b6479ab2d9faf52aef55a8c9516effa1dc7574299989025f24a41
[root@docker ~]# docker logs f6f8844f843b6479ab2d9faf52aef55a8c9516effa1dc7574299989025f24a41
hello world

使用-d參數

這時候容器會在后台運行並不會把輸出結果（STDOUT）打印到宿主機上面（輸出結果可以用docker logs查看）
注:容器是否會長久運行，是和docker run指定的

3.2.3、進入鏡像

3.2.3.1、attach

docker attach [鏡像名稱]

這個登錄相當於單用戶模式，只能有一個人登錄。一般生產不推薦使用此法。

例：一方操作另一方會自動操作。

3.2.3.2、 nsenter

生產場景是不使用docker attach的，需要我們使用nsenter這個工具，這個工具包含在util-linux軟件包里面。nsenter可以訪問另一個進程的名字空間。nsenter要正常工作需要有root權限。

[root@docker ~]#  yum install util-linux -y

util

一般情況下最小化安裝里都已經安裝完畢。

我們通過nsenter就可以進入容器，但是nsenter是通過容器第一個進程的pid進入容器里，所以我們需要知道容器的pid。我們可以通過docker inspect來獲取到pid

利用docker inspect 獲得PID號

[root@docker ~]# docker start mycentos
mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" mycentos
10656
[root@docker ~]# nsenter -t 10656 -m -u -i -n -p
[root@c761cee8863f /]#

nsenter進入容器

那個參數選項是簡寫全稱的就是：

nsenter --traget $PID --mount --uts --ipc --net --pid

nsenter參數：

–mount參數是進去到mount namespace中
–uts參數是進入到uts namespace中
–ipc參數是進入到System V IPC namaspace中
–net參數是進入到network namespace中
–pid參數是進入到pid namespace中
–user參數是進入到user namespace中

我們進入容器查看進程

[root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.0  11776  1664 ?        Ss+  22:06   0:00 /bin/bash
root        14  0.0  0.0  13376  1988 ?        S    22:12   0:00 -bash
root        27  0.0  0.0  49024  1808 ?        R+   22:21   0:00 ps aux

nsenter進入容器查看進程

其中/bin/bash 是我們開啟容器運行的第一個進程

-bash 是nsenter 啟動時生成的進程，這樣我們退出后，容器不會退出，仍然會運行。

我們不能每次都要執行上面的命令，找到PID 在進入再次我們需要寫一個腳本

 cat  cat docker_in.sh 
#!/bin/bash
# Use nsenter to access docker
docker_in(){
  NAME_ID=$1
  PID=$(docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" $NAME_ID)
  nsenter -t $PID -m -u -i -n -p
}
docker_in $1

cat docker_in.sh

執行結果

[root@docker ~]# chmod +x docker_in.sh
[root@docker ~]# ./docker_in.sh mycentos
[root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.0  11776  1664 ?        Ss+  22:06   0:00 /bin/bash
root        28  0.0  0.0  13376  1984 ?        S    22:28   0:00 -bash
root        41  0.0  0.0  49024  1812 ?        R+   22:28   0:00 ps aux

執行過程

3.2.3.3、docker exec

docker exec 的本意不是為了進入容器，僅僅是為了在外面執行一個容器的操作。

docker exec [容器名稱|id] 命令

例：在容器mycentos外執行命令whoami等

[root@docker ~]# docker exec mycentos whoami
root
[root@docker ~]# docker exec mycentos ps aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.0  11776  1664 ?        Ss+  22:06   0:00 /bin/bash
root        46  0.0  0.0  47424  1660 ?        Rs   22:34   0:00 ps aux

不進入容器操作

進入容器方法

docker exec -it [容器名稱|id] /bin/bash

例：使用docker exec 進入容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"         6 hours ago         Up 30 minutes                           mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker  exec -it mycentos  /bin/bash 
[root@c761cee8863f /]# exit
[root@docker ~]# docker  exec -it c761cee8863f  /bin/bash 
[root@c761cee8863f /]#

exec 進入容器

和 nsenter 實現原理不一樣實現結果一樣的

3.2.4、查看容器列表

docker ps

例:查看正在運行的容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"         6 hours ago         Up 32 minutes                           mycentos

正在運行容器

例：查看所有容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
edfdd26e20da        centos              "echo hello world"       3 hours ago         Exited (0) 3 hours ago                         kickass_heisenberg
f6f8844f843b        centos              "echo hello world"       3 hours ago         Exited (0) 3 hours ago                         reverent_yalow
cd9cf2398630        centos              "while true ;echo hel"   3 hours ago         Created                                        high_mclean
cc93e8ced322        centos              "echo hello world"       3 hours ago         Exited (0) 3 hours ago                         stupefied_dubinsky
475cd09a2e6e        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   3 hours ago         Exited (1) 3 hours ago                         romantic_easley
d580c6389d1e        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   3 hours ago         Exited (1) 3 hours ago                         fervent_williams
b54ed375b3f1        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   3 hours ago         Exited (1) 3 hours ago                         goofy_davinci
a9864174cfb0        centos              "while true; do echo "   3 hours ago         Created                                        stoic_goodall
eb62a497f026        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   3 hours ago         Exited (1) 3 hours ago                         pedantic_ritchie
3e68d0c13bfd        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   3 hours ago         Exited (1) 3 hours ago                         kickass_jepsen
4d6ae0f25206        centos              "/bin/sh 'while true;"   3 hours ago         Exited (127) 3 hours ago                       pensive_chandrasekhar
a8770406b896        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   3 hours ago         Exited (1) 3 hours ago                         cranky_pasteur
7ecb2ca7d612        centos              "while true;do echo h"   4 hours ago         Created                                        gigantic_lalande
6ddae878765f        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         serene_euler
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago         Up 33 minutes                                  mycentos
ccfc03f90613        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo /bin/bash"    6 hours ago         Exited (0) 6 hours ago                         elated_brown
443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"   7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                         gigantic_sinoussi

查看所有容器

例：只查所有鏡像的id

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a -q
edfdd26e20da
f6f8844f843b
cd9cf2398630
cc93e8ced322
475cd09a2e6e
d580c6389d1e
b54ed375b3f1
a9864174cfb0
eb62a497f026
3e68d0c13bfd
4d6ae0f25206
a8770406b896
7ecb2ca7d612
6ddae878765f
c761cee8863f
ccfc03f90613
443da0721b41

所有容器id

查看所有運行容器的id只要去掉-a參數即可。

3.2.5、容器刪除

可以使用docker rm 來刪除一個出於終止狀態的容器。

例：刪除 reverent_yalow

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
f6f8844f843b        centos              "echo hello world"       4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         reverent_yalow
cd9cf2398630        centos              "while true ;echo hel"   4 hours ago         Created                                        high_mclean
cc93e8ced322        centos              "echo hello world"       4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         stupefied_dubinsky
475cd09a2e6e        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         romantic_easley
d580c6389d1e        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         fervent_williams
b54ed375b3f1        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         goofy_davinci
a9864174cfb0        centos              "while true; do echo "   4 hours ago         Created                                        stoic_goodall
eb62a497f026        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         pedantic_ritchie
3e68d0c13bfd        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         kickass_jepsen
4d6ae0f25206        centos              "/bin/sh 'while true;"   4 hours ago         Exited (127) 4 hours ago                       pensive_chandrasekhar
a8770406b896        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         cranky_pasteur
7ecb2ca7d612        centos              "while true;do echo h"   5 hours ago         Created                                        gigantic_lalande
6ddae878765f        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   5 hours ago         Exited (1) 5 hours ago                         serene_euler
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"              7 hours ago         Up 49 minutes                                  mycentos
ccfc03f90613        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo /bin/bash"    7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                         elated_brown
443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"   7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                         gigantic_sinoussi
[root@docker ~]# docker rm reverent_yalow
reverent_yalow
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
cd9cf2398630        centos              "while true ;echo hel"   4 hours ago         Created                                        high_mclean
cc93e8ced322        centos              "echo hello world"       4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         stupefied_dubinsky
475cd09a2e6e        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         romantic_easley
d580c6389d1e        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         fervent_williams
b54ed375b3f1        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         goofy_davinci
a9864174cfb0        centos              "while true; do echo "   4 hours ago         Created                                        stoic_goodall
eb62a497f026        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         pedantic_ritchie
3e68d0c13bfd        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         kickass_jepsen
4d6ae0f25206        centos              "/bin/sh 'while true;"   4 hours ago         Exited (127) 4 hours ago                       pensive_chandrasekhar
a8770406b896        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         cranky_pasteur
7ecb2ca7d612        centos              "while true;do echo h"   5 hours ago         Created                                        gigantic_lalande
6ddae878765f        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   5 hours ago         Exited (1) 5 hours ago                         serene_euler
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"              7 hours ago         Up 49 minutes                                  mycentos
ccfc03f90613        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo /bin/bash"    7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                         elated_brown
443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"   7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                         gigantic_sinoussi

reverent_yalow

如果刪除一個正在運行中的容器，可以添加-f 參數。Docker會發送SIGKLL信號給容器。

清理所有出於終止狀態的容器，可以配合剛才我們展示的docker ps -a -q。用docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

例：刪除所有終止狀態的容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
cd9cf2398630        centos              "while true ;echo hel"   4 hours ago         Created                                        high_mclean
cc93e8ced322        centos              "echo hello world"       4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                         stupefied_dubinsky
475cd09a2e6e        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         romantic_easley
d580c6389d1e        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while "   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         fervent_williams
b54ed375b3f1        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         goofy_davinci
a9864174cfb0        centos              "while true; do echo "   4 hours ago         Created                                        stoic_goodall
eb62a497f026        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         pedantic_ritchie
3e68d0c13bfd        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         kickass_jepsen
4d6ae0f25206        centos              "/bin/sh 'while true;"   4 hours ago         Exited (127) 4 hours ago                       pensive_chandrasekhar
a8770406b896        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   4 hours ago         Exited (1) 4 hours ago                         cranky_pasteur
7ecb2ca7d612        centos              "while true;do echo h"   5 hours ago         Created                                        gigantic_lalande
6ddae878765f        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   5 hours ago         Exited (1) 5 hours ago                         serene_euler
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"              7 hours ago         Up About an hour                               mycentos
ccfc03f90613        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo /bin/bash"    7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                         elated_brown
443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"   7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                         gigantic_sinoussi
[root@docker ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
cd9cf2398630
cc93e8ced322
475cd09a2e6e
d580c6389d1e
b54ed375b3f1
a9864174cfb0
eb62a497f026
3e68d0c13bfd
4d6ae0f25206
a8770406b896
7ecb2ca7d612
6ddae878765f
ccfc03f90613
443da0721b41
Failed to remove container (c761cee8863f): Error response from daemon: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"         7 hours ago         Up About an hour                        mycentos

刪除所有終止狀態容器

這里還有一個測試時好用的參數

docker run --rm [選項] [鏡像名稱] [命令]

使用 --rm參數在我們使用完這個容器，關閉就會自動刪除，省時省力，當然如果還需要在測試，就重新啟動一個容器，也符合docker不可變基礎設施理念。

例：創建一個測試容器，退出后自動給刪除

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"         7 hours ago         Up About an hour                        mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker run --rm -it  --name ceshi centos /bin/bash
[root@e392d10516b0 /]# exit
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"         7 hours ago         Up About an hour                        mycentos

測試

目前先分享到這里，因本人報名趙班長的架構師課程開班。容器和創建鏡像在以后的文檔中會再有更加詳細的介紹。

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