Java可視化AWT

AWT

總體上Swing組件替代了絕大部分AWT組件,對AWT圖形用戶界面編程有極好的補充和加強。

package ch11;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/1.
 */
public class FrameTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame f = new Frame("測試窗口");
        // 設置窗口的大小、位置
        f.setBounds(30,30,250,200);
        // 將窗口顯示出來
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

AWT容器

圖形界面編程，類似於小朋友玩的拼圖游戲，容器類似於拼圖的母板，普通組件類似於拼圖圖塊。

package ch11;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/1.
 */
public class PanelTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame f = new Frame("測試頁面");
        Panel p = new Panel();
        p.add(new TextField(20));
        p.add(new Button("Click Me"));
        f.add(p);
        f.setBounds(30,30,250,120);
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

FlowLayout布局管理器

• 組件像水流一樣向某方向流動，遇到障礙就折回，重頭開始排列。

package ch11;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/1.
 */
public class FlowLayoutTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame f = new Frame("測試窗口");
        // 設置Frame使用FlowLayout布局管理器
        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,20,5));
        // 向窗口添加10個按鈕
        for (int i = 0;i<10;i++) {
            f.add(new Button("Button"+i));
        }
        // 設置窗口為最佳大小
        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

BorderLayout布局管理器

• BorderLayout將容器分為EAST、SOUTH、WEST、NORTH、CENTER五個區域。普通組件可以放在這五個區域中的任意一個。
• 默認添加到中間區域。

package ch11;

import java.awt.*;
import static java.awt.BorderLayout.*;

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/1.
 */
public class BorderLayoutTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame f = new Frame("測試窗口");
        // 設置Frame容器使用BorderLayout布局管理器
        f.setLayout(new BorderLayout(50,50));
        f.add(new Button("S"),SOUTH);
        f.add(new Button("N"),NORTH);
        // 默認添加到中間區域
        f.add(new Button("M"));
        f.add(new Button("E"),EAST);
        f.add(new Button("W"),WEST);

        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);

    }
}

GirdLayout布局管理器

GirdLayout布局管理器將容器分割成縱橫分割的網格，每個網格所占據的領域大小相同。

package ch11;
import java.awt.*;
import static java.awt.BorderLayout.*; // 默認布局

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/1.
 */
public class GridLayoutTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame f = new Frame("計算器");
        Panel p1 = new Panel();
        p1.add(new TextField(30));
        f.add(p1,NORTH); // import static java.awt.BorderLayout.*;
        Panel p2 = new Panel();
        p2.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,5,4,4));
        String[] name = {"0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","+","-","*","/","."};
        for (int i = 0;i<name.length;i++) {
            p2.add(new Button(name[i]));
        }
        f.add(p2);
        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

GridBagLayout

• 與GridLayout不同,它可以跨越一個或多個網絡，並可以設置網絡的大小互不相同。

• 增加布局的靈活性

• 使用步驟

1. 創建GridBagLayout布局管理器
2. 創建GridBagConstraints對象
3. 建立關聯
4. 添加組件

package ch11;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/2.
 */
public class GridBagTest {
    private Frame f = new Frame("測試窗口");
    private GridBagLayout gb = new GridBagLayout();
    private GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
    private Button[] bs = new Button[10];

    public void init() {
        f.setLayout(gb);
        for (int i = 0;i<bs.length;i++) {
            bs[i] = new Button("Button"+i);
        }

        // 所有組件都可以橫向、縱向擴大
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        addButton(bs[0]);
        addButton(bs[1]);
        addButton(bs[2]);
        gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
        addButton(bs[3]);
        gbc.weightx = 0;
        addButton(bs[4]);
        gbc.gridwidth = 2;
        addButton(bs[5]);
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        gbc.gridheight = 2;
        gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
        addButton(bs[6]);
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        gbc.gridheight =2;
        gbc.weighty = 1;
        addButton(bs[7]);
        gbc.weighty = 0;
        gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
        gbc.gridheight = 1;
        addButton(bs[8]);
        addButton(bs[9]);
        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new GridBagTest().init();
    }

    private void addButton(Button button) {
        gb.setConstraints(button,gbc);
        f.add(button);
    }

}

BoxLayout

• BoxLayout 可以在垂直和水平兩個方向擺放控件

package ch11;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/2.
 */
public class BoxLayoutTest {
    private Frame f = new Frame("測試");
    public void init() {
        f.setLayout(new BoxLayout(f,BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
        // 下面按鈕將垂直排列
        f.add(new Button("First Button"));
        f.add(new Button("Second Button"));
        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new BoxLayoutTest().init();
    }
}

package ch11;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/2.
 */
public class BoxTest {
    private Frame f = new Frame("測試");
    // 定義水平組件Box對象
    private Box horizontal = Box.createHorizontalBox();
    // 定義垂直組件Box對象
    private Box verical = Box.createVerticalBox();
    public void init() {
        horizontal.add(new Button("H btn1"));
        horizontal.add(new Button("H btn2"));
        verical.add(new Button("V btn1"));
        verical.add(new Button("V btn2"));
        f.add(horizontal,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        f.add(verical);
        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new BoxTest().init();
    }
}

常用的

package ch11;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/2.
 */
public class CommonComponent {
    Frame f = new Frame("測試");
    Button ok = new Button("Confirm");
    CheckboxGroup cbg = new CheckboxGroup();
    Checkbox male = new Checkbox("Male",cbg,true);
    Checkbox female = new Checkbox("Female",cbg,false);

    Choice colorChooser = new Choice();
    List colorList = new List(6,true);
    TextArea ta = new TextArea(5,20);
    TextField name = new TextField(50);
    public void init() {
        colorChooser.add("red");
        colorChooser.add("green");
        colorChooser.add("blue");
        colorList.add("red");
        colorList.add("green");
        colorList.add("blue");
        Panel bottom = new Panel();
        bottom.add(name);
        bottom.add(ok);
        f.add(bottom,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        Panel checkPanel = new Panel();
        checkPanel.add(colorChooser);
        checkPanel.add(male);
        checkPanel.add(female);
        Box topLeft = Box.createVerticalBox();
        topLeft.add(ta);
        topLeft.add(checkPanel);

        Box top = Box.createHorizontalBox();
        top.add(topLeft);
        top.add(colorList);
        f.add(top);
        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new CommonComponent().init();
    }
}

Dialog對話框

• 對話框

package ch11;

import java.awt.*;

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/2.
 */
public class DialogTest {
    Frame f = new Frame("測試");
    Dialog d1 = new Dialog(f,"Modal Dialog",true);
    Dialog d2 = new Dialog(f,"Not Modal Dialog",false);
    Button b1 = new Button("Open MD");
    Button b2 = new Button("Open NMD");
    public void init() {
        d1.setBounds(20,30,300,400);
        d2.setBounds(20,30,300,400);
        b1.addActionListener(e->d1.setVisible(true));
        b2.addActionListener(e->d2.setVisible(true));
        f.add(b1);
        f.add(b2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogTest().init();
    }
}

package ch11;

import java.awt.*;

/**
 * Created by Jiqing on 2016/12/2.
 */
public class FileDialogTest {
    Frame f = new Frame("測試");
    FileDialog d1 = new FileDialog(f,"load file",FileDialog.LOAD);
    FileDialog d2 = new FileDialog(f,"save file",FileDialog.SAVE);
    Button b1 = new Button("open");
    Button b2 = new Button("save");
    public void init() {
        b1.addActionListener(e->{
            d1.setVisible(true);
            System.out.println(d1.getDirectory()+d1.getFile());
        });

        b2.addActionListener(e->{
            d2.setVisible(true);
            System.out.println(d2.getDirectory()+d2.getFile());
        });

        f.add(b1);
        f.add(b2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new FileDialogTest().init();
    }
}