在運維工作中經常部署各種運維環境，涉及mysql數據庫的安裝也是時常需要的。mysql數據庫安裝可以選擇yum在線安裝，但是這種安裝的mysql一般是系統自帶的，版本方面可能跟需求不太匹配。
##########################################################
Mysql數據庫可以選用YUM方法在線安裝
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# mysqladmin password "123456"
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# mysql -p123456
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.1.73 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec
##########################################################
廢話不多說，以下是Centos6系統下源碼安裝Mysql的操作記錄，方便參考~
1、卸載舊版本
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
#普通刪除模式
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# rpm -e mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
# 強力刪除模式，如果使用上面命令刪除時，提示有依賴的其它文件，則用該命令可以對其進行強力刪除
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
#刪除/etc/my.cnf
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf
2、安裝編譯代碼需要的包
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel
3、創建mysql用戶，不建立mysql用戶家目錄（加-M參數），也就是禁用mysql賬號登陸系統
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
4、下載MySQL，源碼編譯安裝
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# cd /usr/local/src [root@host-test-huanqiu src]# wget -c http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.34.tar.gz [root@host-test-huanqiu src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.34.tar.gz [root@host-test-huanqiu src]# cd mysql-5.6.34/ [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# make && make install
5、配置MySQL
修改/usr/local/mysql權限 [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data 執行初始化配置腳本，創建系統自帶的數據庫和表 [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# cd /usr/local/mysql [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql //如果后續不小心刪除了這個數據目錄或這個目錄下的文件被誤操作刪除了，還可以利用這個命令重新初始化
需要特別注意：
在啟動MySQL服務時，會按照一定次序搜索my.cnf，先在/etc目錄下找，找不到則會搜索"$basedir/my.cnf"，在本例中就是 /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf，這是新版MySQL的配置文件的默認位置！
另外：
在CentOS 6.4版操作系統最小安裝完成后，默認會在/etc目錄下存在一個my.cnf，需要將此文件更名為其他的名字，如：/etc/my.cnf.bak，否則，該文件會干擾源碼安裝的MySQL的正確配置，造成無法啟動。
在使用"yum update"更新系統后，需要檢查下/etc目錄下是否會多出一個my.cnf，如果多出，將它重命名成別的。否則，MySQL將使用這個配置文件啟動，可能造成無法正常啟動等問題。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
啟動MySQL
添加服務，拷貝服務腳本到init.d目錄，並設置開機啟動
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# service mysql start //啟動前，要先配置my.cnf文件（如下）， 並確保/data/mysql/data和/usr/local/mysql的mysql權限
如果啟動報錯： [root@slave-server mysql]# service mysql start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log'. 170416 12:55:28 mysqld_safe Directory '/usr/local/mysql/var' for UNIX socket file don't exists. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data/mysql.pid). 解決辦法： [root@slave-server mysql]# mkdir ／usr/local/mysql/var [root@slave-server mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql [root@slave-server mysql]# service mysql start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
配置用戶和環境變量
MySQL啟動成功后，root默認沒有密碼，需要設置root密碼，設置之前，需要先設置PATH，否則不能直接調用mysql 修改/etc/profile文件，在文件末尾添加 [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# vim /etc/profile ........ export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# source /etc/profile 到此，就可以直接mysql登陸了 [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# mysql -uroot ....... mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.6.33 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
登陸mysql，若是報錯如下：
[root@test2-235 mysql]# mysql ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2) 解決辦法 [root@test2-235 mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql/ [root@test2-235 mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
修改root密碼，執行命令如下
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
若要設置root用戶可以遠程訪問，執行
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
使授權立即生效
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
也可以使用mysqladmin命令設置mysql密碼
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# mysqladmin password 123456 #安裝mysql后第一次設置密碼
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# mysqladmin -p 舊密碼 password 新密碼 #重置密碼
最后配置防火牆
默認防火牆的3306端口默認沒有開啟，若要遠程訪問，需要開啟這個端口.也可以做下白名單，比如只允許192.168.1.0/24網段的客戶機訪問本機的mysql。 [root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables ....... -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -p tcp -m tcp -m state --state NEW -dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面貼下mysql6.x的my.cnf配置
[client] port = 3306 socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock basedir = /usr/local/mysql/ datadir = /data/mysql/data pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid user = mysql bind-address = 0.0.0.0 server-id = 1 sync_binlog=1 log_bin = mysql-bin skip-name-resolve back_log = 600 max_connections = 3000 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_open_cache = 512 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 16M max_heap_table_size = 16M tmp_table_size = 256M read_buffer_size = 1024M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1024M sort_buffer_size = 1024M join_buffer_size = 1024M key_buffer_size = 8192M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size = 512M query_cache_limit = 1024M ft_min_word_len = 4 binlog_format = mixed expire_logs_days = 30 log_error = /data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log performance_schema = 0 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp skip-external-locking default_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_open_files = 500 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M #這個參數一般設置為服務器最大內存的60% innodb_write_io_threads = 1000 innodb_read_io_threads = 1000 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_purge_threads = 1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 4M innodb_log_file_size = 32M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 2G myisam_repair_threads = 1 interactive_timeout = 28800 wait_timeout = 28800 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 8M sort_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer = 4M write_buffer = 4M sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES port = 3306
針對上面的部署過程，為了便於以后安裝mysql環境，編寫了下面的安裝腳本，直接運行這個腳本就能自動化構建mysql環境了。
[root@slave-server ~]# cat mysql.sh （下載地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gfEKC9d 密碼：6ec3）
#!/bin/bash
#卸載系統自帶的Mysql
/bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mysql|xargs) --nodeps
/bin/rm -f /etc/my.cnf
#安裝編譯代碼需要的包
/usr/bin/yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel
#編譯安裝mysql5.6
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
cd /usr/local/src
wget -c http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.37.tar.gz
/bin/tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.37.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.37/
/usr/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
make && make install
#修改/usr/local/mysql權限
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
/bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
/bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data
#執行初始化配置腳本，創建系統自帶的數據庫和表
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql
#配置my.cnf
cat > /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf << EOF
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
datadir = /data/mysql/data
pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
sync_binlog=1
log_bin = mysql-bin
skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 3000
##open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 512
max_allowed_packet = 16M
binlog_cache_size = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1024M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 1024M
join_buffer_size = 1024M
key_buffer_size = 8192M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 1024M
ft_min_word_len = 4
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30
log_error = /data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
##lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
##default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M
innodb_write_io_threads = 1000
innodb_read_io_threads = 1000
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 4M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 2G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
port = 3306
EOF
#啟動mysql服務
cd /usr/local/mysql
/bin/mkdir var
/bin/chown -R mysql.mysql var
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
/sbin/chkconfig mysql on
service mysql start
#設置環境變量
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
#設置mysql登陸密碼,初始密碼為123456
/bin/mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
mysql -e "SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');"
mysql -p123456 -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;"
mysql -p123456 -e "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
#################### 編寫mysql登錄腳本 ######################
[root@slave-server ~]# vim /etc/passwd ...... mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/bin/bash [root@slave-server ~]# mkdir /home/mysql [root@slave-server ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /home/mysql [root@slave-server ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin #!/bin/bash p=$1 shift mysql -h"127.0.0.1" -P"$p" --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --show-warnings -uqw_cmdb -p'qw_cmdb123' -A --prompt="(\u@\p-\r:\m:\s:)[\d]> " "$@" [root@slave-server ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin [root@slave-server ~]# su - mysql Last login: Mon Jun 25 17:16:20 CST 2018 on pts/6 -bash-4.2$ myin 3306 #切換到mysql用戶下，使用"myin 3306"命令登錄mysql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 256 Server version: 5.6.40-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. (bobo@3306-02:51:38:)[(none)]>
################### centos7下啟動mysql時的一個報錯 #################
在centos7下如上記錄操作后，在啟動mysql服務的時候遇到下面一個報錯： [root@kevin mysql]# service mysql start Starting MySQL.181013 22:18:35 mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'. The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data[FAILED]id). 該問題為mysql 的一個小bug 。 臨時處理辦法為 直接創建一個 log-error 指定的空文件，並給適當的屬主、屬組權限即可。該問題已經在 版本 5.5.55, 5.6.36, 5.7.18, 8.0.1 中修復。 后續可以通過升級版本，來修復該問題。 [root@kevin mysql]# mkdir -p /var/log/mariadb [root@kevin mysql]# touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log [root@kevin mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/log/mariadb [root@kevin mysql]# service mysql start Starting MySQL... [ OK ] [root@kevin mysql]# ln -s /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log /data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log [root@zabbix data]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart Shutting down MySQL.. [ 確定 ] Starting MySQL.. [ 確定 ]
##################### Centos7下安裝Mysql5.5的操作方法 ###################
一、檢查本地是否安裝過其他版本的mysql
[root@localhost ~]# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mysql|xargs) --nodeps
如果之前使用yum方法安裝了mysql，則需要刪除之前mysql的默認數據目錄
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
二、下載mysql 5.5的服務器和客戶端的安裝包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-server-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-client-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
三、安裝服務器和客戶端
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps MySQL-server-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps MySQL-client-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
查看安裝的mysql是否已安裝成功 ：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
MySQL-server-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64
MySQL-client-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64
四、啟動mysql並設置mysql服務開機自啟動
啟動mysql：
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql start
設置開機自啟動：
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysql on
驗證自啟動是否成功：
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list|grep mysql
........
mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
五、登錄mysql並設置密碼 (如上安裝后，默認登錄mysql是無密碼的)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot
.......
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version() |
+------------+
| 5.5.59-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
設置mysql密碼
mysql> set password=password('kevin@123');
設置遠程連接(比如遠程連接的mysql用戶名是kevin，密碼是kevin@123)
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'kevin'@''% identified by "kevin@123";
刪除默認狀態下password或host為空的字段，否則遠程連接可能會失敗！
刪除后，最好保留下面兩個字段的初始認證信息
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *394941A09DHJSADF6555A8D6AB59733AF2893 |
| kevin | % | *394941A09DHJSADF6555A8D6AB59733AF2893 |
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
退出后，再次登錄mysql，就需要輸入設置的密碼kevin@123才能成功登錄了！
六、mysql配置文件
這里需要注意下，mysql5.5按照上面的rpm方式安裝后，默認是沒有/etc/my.cnf配置文件的！！！
至於為什么沒有my.cnf這個文件而MySQL卻也能正常啟動和使用，這個有兩說法：
1）my.cnf只是MySQL啟動時的一個參數文件，可以沒有它，這時MySQL會用內置的默認參數啟動；
2）MySQL在啟動時自動使用/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf文件，這種說法僅限於rpm包安裝的MySQL。
解決辦法：
只需復制/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf文件到/etc目錄，並改名為my.cnf即可：
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
重啟mysql服務
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql restart
七、關閉mysql區分大小寫功能（即要求mysql對字段的大小寫不敏感）
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
........
[mysqld]
........
lower_case_table_names = 1
重啟mysql服務
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql restart
登錄查看
mysql> show variables like "%case%";
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| lower_case_file_system | OFF |
| lower_case_table_names | 1 |
+------------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
當lower_case_table_names的值為1時，說明mysql已經關閉了區分大小寫！