讀書筆記 C# Lookup 和ToLookup方法的淺析

Lookup<TKey,TElement>類型對象和分組是一樣的，就好比使用Linq的group關鍵字后所查詢出來的結果，使用foreach的時候，都可以用IGrouping<TKey,TElement>來迭代它們。Lookup<TKey,TElement>也是一種字典，不過它是一對多，不像Dictionary<TKey,TElement>一樣是一對一的。Lookup<int,int>和Dictionary<int,List<int>>是一樣的。

Lookup<TKey,TElement>的對象可以存儲ToLookup方法的結果。代碼如下：

class Package
{
    public string Company;
    public double Weight;
    public long TrackingNumber;
}

public static void LookupExample()
{
    // Create a list of Packages to put into a Lookup data structure.
    List<Package> packages = new List<Package> { new Package { Company = "Coho Vineyard", Weight = 25.2, TrackingNumber = 89453312L },
                                                 new Package { Company = "Lucerne Publishing", Weight = 18.7, TrackingNumber = 89112755L },
                                                 new Package { Company = "Wingtip Toys", Weight = 6.0, TrackingNumber = 299456122L },
                                                 new Package { Company = "Contoso Pharmaceuticals", Weight = 9.3, TrackingNumber = 670053128L },
                                                 new Package { Company = "Wide World Importers", Weight = 33.8, TrackingNumber = 4665518773L } };

    // Create a Lookup to organize the packages. Use the first character of Company as the key value.
    // Select Company appended to TrackingNumber for each element value in the Lookup.
    Lookup<char, string> lookup = (Lookup<char, string>)packages.ToLookup(p => Convert.ToChar(p.Company.Substring(0, 1)),
                                                    p => p.Company + " " + p.TrackingNumber);

    // Iterate through each IGrouping in the Lookup and output the contents.
    foreach (IGrouping<char, string> packageGroup in lookup)
    {
        // Print the key value of the IGrouping.
        Console.WriteLine(packageGroup.Key);
        // Iterate through each value in the IGrouping and print its value.
        foreach (string str in packageGroup)
            Console.WriteLine("    {0}", str);
    }

    // This code produces the following output:
    //
    // C
    //     Coho Vineyard 89453312
    //     Contoso Pharmaceuticals 670053128
    // L
    //     Lucerne Publishing 89112755
    // W
    //     Wingtip Toys 299456122
    //     Wide World Importers 4665518773

    // Get the number of key-collection pairs in the Lookup.
    int count = lookup.Count;

    // Select a collection of Packages by indexing directly into the Lookup.
    IEnumerable<string> cgroup = lookup['C'];

    // Output the results.
    Console.WriteLine("\nPackages that have a key of 'C':");
    foreach (string str in cgroup)
        Console.WriteLine(str);

    // This code produces the following output:
    //
    // Packages that have a key of 'C'
    // Coho Vineyard 89453312
    // Contoso Pharmaceuticals 670053128

    // Determine if there is a key with the value 'G' in the Lookup.
    bool hasG = lookup.Contains('G');