Mac下安裝LNMP(Nginx+PHP5.6)環境


Mac下安裝LNMP(Nginx+PHP5.6)環境

安裝Homebrew

最近工作環境切換到Mac,所以以OS X Yosemite(10.10.1)為例,記錄一下從零開始安裝Mac下LNMP環境的過程

確保系統已經安裝xcode,然后使用一行命令安裝依賴管理工具Homebrew

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

之后就可以使用

brew install FORMULA

來安裝所需要的依賴了。

brew(意為釀酒)的命名很有意思,全部都使用了釀酒過程中采用的材料/器具,名詞對應以下的概念:

  • Formula(配方) 程序包定義,本質上是一個rb文件
  • Keg(桶)程序包的安裝路徑
  • Cellar(地窖)所有程序包(桶)的根目錄
  • Tap(水龍頭)程序包的源
  • Bottle (瓶子)編譯打包好的程序包

最終編譯安裝完畢的程序就是一桶釀造好的酒

更詳細的信息參考Homebrew的官方Cookbook

因此使用Homebrew常見的流程是:

  1. 增加一個程序源(新增一個水龍頭) brew tap homebrew/php
  2. 更新程序源 brew update
  3. 安裝程序包(按照配方釀酒) brew install git
  4. 查看配置 brew config 可以看到程序包默認安裝在/usr/local/Cellar下 (酒桶放在地窖內)

安裝PHP5.6(FPM方式)

首先加入Homebrew官方的幾個軟件源

brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew tap homebrew/php

PHP如果采用默認配置安裝,會編譯mod_php模塊並只運行在Apache環境下,為了使用Nginx,這里需要編譯php-fpm並且禁用apache,主要通過參數--without-fpm --without-apache來實現。完整的安裝指令為

brew install php56 \
--without-snmp \ --without-apache \ --with-debug \ --with-fpm \ --with-intl \ --with-homebrew-curl \ --with-homebrew-libxslt \ --with-homebrew-openssl \ --with-imap \ --with-mysql \ --with-tidy 

由於OSX已經自帶了PHP環境,因此需要修改系統路徑,優先運行brew安裝的版本,在~/.bashrc里加入:

export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"

如果要安裝新的php擴展,可以直接安裝而不用每次重新編譯php,所有的擴展可以通過

brew search php56

看到,下面是我自己所需要的擴展,可以支持Phalcon框架

brew install php56-gearman php56-msgpack php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo  php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug

PHP-FPM的加載與啟動

安裝完畢后可以通過以下指令啟動和停止php-fpm

php-fpm -D
killall php-fpm

同時可以將php-fpm加入開機啟動

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist 

安裝Nginx

brew install nginx

安裝完畢后可以通過

nginx
nginx -s quit

啟動和關閉,同時也支持重載配置文件等操作

nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit 

nginx安裝后默認監聽8080端口,可以訪問http://localhost:8080查看狀態。如果要想監聽80端口需要root權限,運行

sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx 

並使用root權限啟動

sudo nginx 

開機啟動

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist 

Nginx + PHP-FPM配置

Nginx一般都會運行多個域名,因此這里參考了@fish的方法,按Ubuntu的文件夾結構來存放Nginx的配置文件

mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl 

編輯Nginx全局配置

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes  1; error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug; pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 256; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ' '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme ' '$cookie_evalogin'; access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; port_in_redirect off; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } 

這樣一來首先可以把一些可復用配置獨立出來放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下,比如fastcgi的設置就可以獨立出來

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm

內容為

location ~ \.php$ {
    try_files                   $uri = 404; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf; } 

然后/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目錄下可以一個文件對應一個域名的配置,比如web服務器目錄是/opt/htdocs

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default 
server {
    listen       80; server_name localhost; root /opt/htdocs/; location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm; } } 

此時啟動了php-fpm並且啟動了Nginx后,就可以通過http://localhost來運行php程序了

安裝MySQL

brew install mysql

可以通過

mysql.server start mysql.server stop 

來啟動/停止,啟動后默認應為空密碼,可以通過mysqladmin設置一個密碼

mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"

但是在操作的時候出現了空密碼無法登入的情況,最終只能通過mysqld_safe來設置

sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables mysql -u root mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root'; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 

最后將MySQL加入開機啟動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/ 

Memcache

brew install memcached

啟動/停止指令

memcached -d
killall memcached

加入開機啟動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/ 

Redis

brew install redis

Redis默認配置文件不允許以Deamon方式運行,因此需要先修改配置文件

vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

將daemonize修改為yes,然后載入配置文件即可實現后台進程啟動

redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

加入開機啟動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/ 

設置別名

最后可以對所有服務的啟動停止設置別名方便操作

vim ~/.bash_profile

加入

alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist' alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist' alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start' alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist" alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist" alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start' alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start' alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist" alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist" alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start' alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist" alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist" alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start' 

安裝其他項目支持

brew install composer node

安裝Oh My Zsh

brew install zsh-completions
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
vim ~/.zshenv

加入內容

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH 

然后

vim ~/.zshrc

加入內容

fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)
autoload -Uz compinit compinit -u 

最后運行

rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit

查看正在使用的shell

dscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell 

安裝Oh My Zsh

wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh 


免責聲明!

本站轉載的文章為個人學習借鑒使用,本站對版權不負任何法律責任。如果侵犯了您的隱私權益,請聯系本站郵箱yoyou2525@163.com刪除。



 
粵ICP備18138465號   © 2018-2025 CODEPRJ.COM