git使用點滴：如何查看commit的內容

在push之前有時候會不放心是不是忘記加某些文件，或者是不是多刪了個什么東西，這時候希望能夠看看上次commit都做了些什么。

一開始想到的是用Git diff，但是git diff用於當前修改尚未commit的時候較為方便，一旦commit后，需要指定上次節點的名稱（一個hash值），不方便。這種時候用git log更合適，因為commit的內容會以log來記錄。

下面記錄幾個常用的情境以及對應的命令。

 

僅僅想看最近誰有提交，以及提交的描述

 

對應命令 git log

 

顯示Sample

commit 6305aa81a265f9316b606d3564521c43f0d6c9a3 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Thu Nov 3 11:38:15 2011 +0800

    fill author information in the head of files and format some code

commit 8e8a4a96e134dab8f045937efee35bd710006946 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Thu Nov 3 04:05:34 2011 +0800

    user management is mostly complete

    details: 
    add support for account disable/enable 
    rewrite most related views to suit the above need 
    provide two decorators for access control (see README) 
    fixed many errors in Milestone 1

commit 2870cd564371d8ad043d0da426a5770d36412421 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Mon Oct 17 20:19:04 2011 -0400

    fix the bug of get_ori_url_from_shorturl().

commit b6cdd881a19ecaff838d5825c3a6b7058fdd498a 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Mon Oct 17 20:17:37 2011 -0400

    fix the bug of get_article_from_short_url.

 

僅僅想看最后一次的提交

 

對應命令參數 -n 1

 

顯示Sample

commit 6305aa81a265f9316b606d3564521c43f0d6c9a3 
Author: XXX 
Date: Thu Nov 3 11:38:15 2011 +0800

fill author information in the head of files and format some code

 

想看到最近一次提交所有更改過的文件

 

對應命令 git log -n 1 --stat

 

顯示Sample

commit 6305aa81a265f9316b606d3564521c43f0d6c9a3 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Thu Nov 3 11:38:15 2011 +0800

    fill author information in the head of files and format some code

Site/accounts/decorators.py                        |    2 +- 
Site/accounts/forms.py                             |    1 + 
Site/accounts/models.py                            |    1 + 
Site/accounts/readme                               |    3 ++- 
Site/accounts/templates/account_activate.html      |    1 + 
Site/accounts/templates/account_disabled.html      |    1 + 
…

…

28 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

 

想看到最近一次提交所有更改的細節

 

對應命令 git log -n 1 -p

 

顯示Sample

commit 6305aa81a265f9316b606d3564521c43f0d6c9a3 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Thu Nov 3 11:38:15 2011 +0800

    fill author information in the head of files and format some code

diff --git a/Site/accounts/decorators.py b/Site/accounts/decorators.py 
index 22522bc..a6bb440 100755 
--- a/Site/accounts/decorators.py 
+++ b/Site/accounts/decorators.py 
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ 
#!/usr/bin/env Python 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
+# author: Rex Nov. 3, 2011 
from functools import wraps 
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse 
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect 
-from django.utils.decorators import available_attrs 
from Site.accounts.models import UserProfile

def login_required(view_func): 
diff --git a/Site/accounts/forms.py b/Site/accounts/forms.py 
index 016710b..778d92a 100755 
--- a/Site/accounts/forms.py 
+++ b/Site/accounts/forms.py 
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ 
#!/usr/bin/env python 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
+# author: Rex Nov. 3, 201

…

…

有了這幾條命令，基本上對於想看最近更改的情境就可以應付過去了。最后一條並不很常用，如果有visual的工具可能更直觀些。