1、JdbcTemplate操作數據庫
Spring對數據庫的操作在jdbc上面做了深層次的封裝,使用spring的注入功能,可以把DataSource注冊到JdbcTemplate之中。同時,為了支持對properties文件的支持,spring提供了類似於EL表達式的方式,把dataSource.properties的文件參數引入到參數配置之中,<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />。
實例代碼如下:
提供數據源的相關配置信息:jdbc.properties
driverClassName=org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
url=jdbc\:mysql\://localhost\:3306/stanley?useUnicode\=true&characterEncoding\=UTF-8
username=root
password=123456
initialSize=1
maxActive=500
maxIdle=2
minIdle=1
url=jdbc\:mysql\://localhost\:3306/stanley?useUnicode\=true&characterEncoding\=UTF-8
username=root
password=123456
initialSize=1
maxActive=500
maxIdle=2
minIdle=1
提供spring的配置文件,將jdbc.properties與JdbcTemplate粘合起來的配置文件:beans.xml
<?
xml
version
="1.0"
encoding
="UTF-8"
?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >
< context:property-placeholder location ="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
< bean id ="dataSource" class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method ="close" >
< property name ="driverClassName" value ="${driverClassName}" />
< property name ="url" value ="${url}" />
< property name ="username" value ="${username}" />
< property name ="password" value ="${password}" />
<!-- 連接池啟動時的初始值 -->
< property name ="initialSize" value ="${initialSize}" />
<!-- 連接池的最大值 -->
< property name ="maxActive" value ="${maxActive}" />
<!-- 最大空閑值.當經過一個高峰時間后,連接池可以慢慢將已經用不到的連接慢慢釋放一部分,一直減少到maxIdle為止 -->
< property name ="maxIdle" value ="${maxIdle}" />
<!-- 最小空閑值.當空閑的連接數少於閥值時,連接池就會預申請去一些連接,以免洪峰來時來不及申請 -->
< property name ="minIdle" value ="${minIdle}" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="txManager" class ="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
< property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource" />
</ bean >
< aop:config >
< aop:pointcut id ="transactionPointcut" expression ="execution(* cn.comp.service..*.*(..))" />
< aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice" pointcut-ref ="transactionPointcut" />
</ aop:config >
< tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="txManager" >
< tx:attributes >
< tx:method name ="get*" read-only ="true" propagation ="NOT_SUPPORTED" />
< tx:method name ="*" />
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >
< bean id ="personService" class ="cn.comp.service.impl.PersonServiceBean" >
< property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >
< context:property-placeholder location ="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
< bean id ="dataSource" class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method ="close" >
< property name ="driverClassName" value ="${driverClassName}" />
< property name ="url" value ="${url}" />
< property name ="username" value ="${username}" />
< property name ="password" value ="${password}" />
<!-- 連接池啟動時的初始值 -->
< property name ="initialSize" value ="${initialSize}" />
<!-- 連接池的最大值 -->
< property name ="maxActive" value ="${maxActive}" />
<!-- 最大空閑值.當經過一個高峰時間后,連接池可以慢慢將已經用不到的連接慢慢釋放一部分,一直減少到maxIdle為止 -->
< property name ="maxIdle" value ="${maxIdle}" />
<!-- 最小空閑值.當空閑的連接數少於閥值時,連接池就會預申請去一些連接,以免洪峰來時來不及申請 -->
< property name ="minIdle" value ="${minIdle}" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="txManager" class ="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
< property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource" />
</ bean >
< aop:config >
< aop:pointcut id ="transactionPointcut" expression ="execution(* cn.comp.service..*.*(..))" />
< aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice" pointcut-ref ="transactionPointcut" />
</ aop:config >
< tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="txManager" >
< tx:attributes >
< tx:method name ="get*" read-only ="true" propagation ="NOT_SUPPORTED" />
< tx:method name ="*" />
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >
< bean id ="personService" class ="cn.comp.service.impl.PersonServiceBean" >
< property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
提供POJO的java類:Person.java
public
class Person {
private Integer id;
private String name;
public Person(){}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
private Integer id;
private String name;
public Person(){}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
提供對Person的操作接口:PersonService.java
public
interface PersonService {
public void save(Person person);
public void update(Person person);
public Person getPerson(Integer personid);
public List<Person> getPersons();
public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception;
}
public void save(Person person);
public void update(Person person);
public Person getPerson(Integer personid);
public List<Person> getPersons();
public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception;
}
提供對接口的實現類:PersonServiceBean.java
public
class PersonServiceBean
implements PersonService {
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception{
jdbcTemplate.update( "delete from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
}
public Person getPerson(Integer personid) {
return (Person)jdbcTemplate.queryForObject( "select * from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER}, new PersonRowMapper());
}
@SuppressWarnings( "unchecked")
public List<Person> getPersons() {
return (List<Person>)jdbcTemplate.query( "select * from person", new PersonRowMapper());
}
public void save(Person person) {
jdbcTemplate.update( "insert into person(name) values(?)", new Object[]{person.getName()},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR});
}
public void update(Person person) {
jdbcTemplate.update( "update person set name=? where id=?", new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getId()},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR, java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
}
}
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception{
jdbcTemplate.update( "delete from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
}
public Person getPerson(Integer personid) {
return (Person)jdbcTemplate.queryForObject( "select * from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER}, new PersonRowMapper());
}
@SuppressWarnings( "unchecked")
public List<Person> getPersons() {
return (List<Person>)jdbcTemplate.query( "select * from person", new PersonRowMapper());
}
public void save(Person person) {
jdbcTemplate.update( "insert into person(name) values(?)", new Object[]{person.getName()},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR});
}
public void update(Person person) {
jdbcTemplate.update( "update person set name=? where id=?", new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getId()},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR, java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
}
}
提供在查詢對象時,記錄的映射回調類:PersonRowMapper.java
public
class PersonRowMapper
implements RowMapper {
public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int index) throws SQLException {
Person person = new Person(rs.getString( "name"));
person.setId(rs.getInt( "id"));
return person;
}
}
public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int index) throws SQLException {
Person person = new Person(rs.getString( "name"));
person.setId(rs.getInt( "id"));
return person;
}
}
【注意】:由於dbcp的jar包對common-pool和commons-collections的jar包有依賴,所有需要把他們一起引入到工程中。【 commons-dbcp-1.2.1.jar, commons-pool-1.2.jar, commons-collections-3.1.jar】, 參考文檔《JDBC高級部分》:
http://tianya23.blog.51cto.com/1081650/270849
2、JdbcTemplate事務
事務的操作首先要通過配置文件,取得spring的支持, 再在java程序中顯示的使用@Transactional注解來使用事務操作。
在xml配置文件中增加對事務的支持:
<
bean
id
="txManager"
class
="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"
>
< property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource" />
</ bean >
< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="txManager" />
< bean id ="personService" class ="cn.comp.service.impl.PersonServiceBean" >
< property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource" />
</ bean >
< property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource" />
</ bean >
< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="txManager" />
< bean id ="personService" class ="cn.comp.service.impl.PersonServiceBean" >
< property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSource" />
</ bean >
在java程序中顯示的指明是否需要事務,當出現運行期異常Exception或一般的異常Exception是否需要回滾
@Transactional
public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService {
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
// unchecked ,
// checked
@Transactional(noRollbackFor=RuntimeException. class)
public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception{
jdbcTemplate.update( "delete from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
throw new RuntimeException( "運行期例外");
}
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
public Person getPerson(Integer personid) {
return (Person)jdbcTemplate.queryForObject( "select * from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER}, new PersonRowMapper());
}
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
@SuppressWarnings( "unchecked")
public List<Person> getPersons() {
return (List<Person>)jdbcTemplate.query( "select * from person", new PersonRowMapper());
}
public void save(Person person) {
jdbcTemplate.update( "insert into person(name) values(?)", new Object[]{person.getName()},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR});
}
public void update(Person person) {
jdbcTemplate.update( "update person set name=? where id=?", new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getId()},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR, java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
}
}
public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService {
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
// unchecked ,
// checked
@Transactional(noRollbackFor=RuntimeException. class)
public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception{
jdbcTemplate.update( "delete from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
throw new RuntimeException( "運行期例外");
}
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
public Person getPerson(Integer personid) {
return (Person)jdbcTemplate.queryForObject( "select * from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER}, new PersonRowMapper());
}
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
@SuppressWarnings( "unchecked")
public List<Person> getPersons() {
return (List<Person>)jdbcTemplate.query( "select * from person", new PersonRowMapper());
}
public void save(Person person) {
jdbcTemplate.update( "insert into person(name) values(?)", new Object[]{person.getName()},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR});
}
public void update(Person person) {
jdbcTemplate.update( "update person set name=? where id=?", new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getId()},
new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR, java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
}
}
【注意】Spring對數據庫的操作提供了強大的功能,比如RowMapper接口封裝數據庫字段與Java屬性的映射、查詢返回List的函數等,但是里面還要寫一堆SQL語句還是比較煩人的,在這部分建議使用ibatis或hibernate來代替, 不知道Spring后期的版本會不會把這個整合到里面。