在Win32 SDK環境下，怎么來創建常用的那些基本控件呢？我們知道如果用MFC，簡單的拖放即可完成大多數控件的創建，但是我們既然是用Windows SDK API編程，當然是從根上解決這個問題，實際上MFC的下層也是通過這些API完成的。
實際上控件也是窗口，只不過是被微軟預先創建好的一種窗口類，比如button就是一個類名為“BUTTON”的類。既然控件實際上是窗口，當然也是用CreateWindow或者CreateWindowEx這個函數來完成的，第二個函數除了多一個擴展風格之外，其他完全一樣，下面以主要以CreateWindow為例說明，該函數原型如下（實際上在第一篇已經講過了）：
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HWND CreateWindow(LPCTSTR lpClassName,
LPCTSTR lpWindowName,
DWORD dwStyle,
int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight,
HWND hWndParent,
HMENU hMenu,
HANDLE hInstance,
PVOID lpParam
);
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lpClassName：控件的類名
lpWindowName：控件的名字或者文本
dwStyle：控件風格
x，y，nWidth，nHeight：控件的坐標和寬高
hWndParent：控件的父窗口
hMenu：控件的ID
hInstance：控件設置為空
lpParam：控件設為空
那么具體怎么實現各個基本的控件呢？下面我們來先依次舉例。
- 創建標簽/靜態文本
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CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT("Test String"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 10, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_STATIC1, NULL, NULL);
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- 創建button
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CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("Click Me"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 40, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_BUTTON1, NULL, NULL);
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- 創建編輯框
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CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("EDIT"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER, 10, 70, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_EDIT1, NULL, NULL);
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- 創建Groupbox
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CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("frame"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_GROUPBOX, 120, 10, 130, 50, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FRAME1, NULL, NULL);
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- 創建單選框
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CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("radio button"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 134, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MALE, NULL, NULL);
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- 創建復選框
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CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("紅色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 120, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBRED, NULL, NULL);
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- 創建列表框
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CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("LISTBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|LBS_STANDARD, 10, 100, 80, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_LISTBOX1, NULL, NULL);
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- 創建組合框
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CreateWindow(TEXT("COMBOBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_VSCROLL|CBS_AUTOHSCROLL|CBS_DROPDOWNLIST, 120, 100, 100, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CB1, NULL, NULL);
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- 創建滾動條
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CreateWindow(TEXT("SCROLLBAR"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SBS_HORZ, 10, 200, 200, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_SCB1, NULL, NULL);
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以上創建各個控件都很差傻瓜化，你可以復制下來改改坐標、文本、風格、ID等就可以按照你的需要創建了。
下面我們就來實戰一下，把這些常用的控件在程序中實現，下面我們來實現一個完整的windows程序，程序中包含了這些常用的控件和更多的用法。
/* 常用控件實例 */
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#include <windows.h>
#define IDC_STATIC1 1001
#define IDC_BUTTON1 1002
#define IDC_EDIT1 1003
#define IDC_FRAME1 1004
#define IDC_MALE 2001
#define IDC_FEMALE 2002
#define IDC_LISTBOX1 1005
#define IDC_CB1 1006
#define IDC_CKBRED 1007
#define IDC_CKBGRN 1008
#define IDC_CKBBLU 1009
#define IDC_SCB1 1010
#define IDC_SCB2 1011
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("HelloWin32");
static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
hWnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, // window class name
szAppName, // window caption
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // window style
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position
400, // initial x size
300, // initial y size
NULL, // parent window handle
NULL, // window menu handle
hInstance, // program instance handle
NULL); // creation parameters
ShowWindow(hWnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HWND hCtrl;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT("Test String"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 10, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_STATIC1, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("Click Me"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 40, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_BUTTON1, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("EDIT"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER, 10, 70, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_EDIT1, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("性別"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_GROUPBOX, 120, 10, 130, 50, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FRAME1, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("男"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 134, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MALE, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("女"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 194, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FEMALE, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("紅色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 120, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBRED, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("綠色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 180, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBGRN, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("藍色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 240, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBBLU, NULL, NULL);
hCtrl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("LISTBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|LBS_STANDARD, 10, 100, 80, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_LISTBOX1, NULL, NULL);
SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str1"));
SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str2"));
SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str3"));
SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str4"));
hCtrl = CreateWindow(TEXT("COMBOBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_VSCROLL|CBS_AUTOHSCROLL|CBS_DROPDOWNLIST, 120, 100, 100, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CB1, NULL, NULL);
SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str1"));
SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str2"));
SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str3"));
SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str4"));
SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_SETCURSEL, 1, 0);
CreateWindow(TEXT("SCROLLBAR"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SBS_HORZ, 10, 200, 200, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_SCB1, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("SCROLLBAR"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SBS_VERT, 240, 100, 20, 120, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_SCB2, NULL, NULL);
return 0;
case WM_COMMAND:
{
HWND hwndTmp;
int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
switch (wmId)
{
case IDC_BUTTON1:
hwndTmp = GetDlgItem(hWnd, IDC_STATIC1);
SetWindowText(hwndTmp, TEXT("New Text"));
MessageBox(hWnd, TEXT("Text Changed!"), TEXT("info"), MB_OK);
break;
}
}
return 0;
case WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC:
{
HDC hdc = (HDC)wParam;
SetTextColor(hdc, RGB(0xFF, 0x00, 0x00));
}
return (BOOL)((HBRUSH)GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH));
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc (hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
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編譯一下運行，結果如下：
怎么樣，是不是很簡單，雖然我們的控件創建比MFC麻煩一下，但是我們是從“根”上來解決問題的，感覺是不一樣的！有了這些基本的用法，你就可以構建更加復制的Windows界面了。趕快去試試吧。