App開發流程之右滑返回手勢功能


iOS7以后,導航控制器,自帶了從屏幕左邊緣右滑返回的手勢功能。

但是,如果自定義了導航欄返回按鈕,這項功能就失效了,需要自行實現。又如果需要修改手勢觸發范圍,還是需要自行實現。

廣泛應用的一種實現方案是,采用私有變量和Api,完成手勢交互和返回功能,自定義手勢觸發條件和額外功能。

另一種實現方案是,采用UINavigationController的代理方法實現交互和動畫:

- (nullable id <UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning>)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController

                          interactionControllerForAnimationController:(id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>) animationController NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

 

- (nullable id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController

                                   animationControllerForOperation:(UINavigationControllerOperation)operation

                                                fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromVC

                                                  toViewController:(UIViewController *)toVC  NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);

前者,特點是便捷,但是只能使用系統定義的交互和動畫;后者,特點是高度自定義,但是需要額外實現交互協議和動畫協議。

 

采用私有變量和Api,實現右滑返回手勢功能。

先看最核心的邏輯:

- (void)base_pushViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated
{
    if (![self.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.view.gestureRecognizers containsObject:self.base_panGestureRecognizer]) {
        [self.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.view addGestureRecognizer:self.base_panGestureRecognizer];
        
        //使用KVC獲取私有變量和Api,實現系統原生的pop手勢效果
        NSArray *internalTargets = [self.interactivePopGestureRecognizer valueForKey:@"targets"];
        id internalTarget = [internalTargets.firstObject valueForKey:@"target"];
        SEL internalAction = NSSelectorFromString(@"handleNavigationTransition:");
        self.base_panGestureRecognizer.delegate = [self base_panGestureRecognizerDelegateObject];
        [self.base_panGestureRecognizer addTarget:internalTarget action:internalAction];
        
        self.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.enabled = NO;
    }
    
    [self base_setupViewControllerBasedNavigationBarAppearanceIfNeeded:viewController];
    
    if (![self.viewControllers containsObject:viewController]) {
        [self base_pushViewController:viewController animated:animated];
    }
}

 

UINavigationController的interactivePopGestureRecognizer屬性,是系統專用於將viewController彈出導航棧的手勢識別對象,有一個私有變量名為“targets”,類似為NSArray;該數組第一個元素對象,有一個私有變量名為“target”,即為實現預期交互的對象;該對象有一個私有方法名為“handleNavigationTransition:”,即為目標方法。

在返回手勢交互的UIView(self.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.view)上添加一個自定義的UIPanGestureRecognizer,利用其delegate對象實現的代理方法gestureRecognizerShouldBegin來控制手勢生效條件。最后禁用系統的返回手勢識別對象,就可以用自定義實現的pan手勢來調用系統的pop交互和動畫。

判斷pan手勢是否能觸發返回操作的代碼如下:

-(BOOL)gestureRecognizerShouldBegin:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer
{
    //正在轉場
    if ([[self.navigationController valueForKey:@"_isTransitioning"] boolValue]) {
        return NO;
    }
    
    //在導航控制器的根控制器界面
    if (self.navigationController.viewControllers.count <= 1) {
        return NO;
    }
    
    UIViewController *popedController = [self.navigationController.viewControllers lastObject];
    
    if (popedController.base_popGestureDisabled) {
        return NO;
    }
    
    //滿足有效手勢范圍
    CGPoint beginningLocation = [gestureRecognizer locationInView:gestureRecognizer.view];
    CGFloat popGestureEffectiveDistanceFromLeftEdge = popedController.base_popGestureEffectiveDistanceFromLeftEdge;
    
    if (popGestureEffectiveDistanceFromLeftEdge > 0
        && beginningLocation.x > popGestureEffectiveDistanceFromLeftEdge) {
        return NO;
    }
    
    //右滑手勢
    UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGesture = (UIPanGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer;
    CGPoint transition = [panGesture translationInView:panGesture.view];
    
    if (transition.x <= 0) {
        return NO;
    }
    
    return YES;
}

 

其中navigationController還使用了私有變量“_isTransitioning”,用於判斷交互是否正在進行中。

 

為了使過場動畫過程中,導航欄的交互動畫自然,需要在UIViewController的viewWillAppear方法中,通過swizzle方法調用導航欄顯示或隱藏的動畫方法,所以需要增加一個延遲執行的代碼塊:

- (void)base_setupViewControllerBasedNavigationBarAppearanceIfNeeded:(UIViewController *)appearingViewController
{
    //如果navigationController不顯示導航欄,直接return
    if (self.navigationBarHidden) {
        return;
    }
    
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    ViewControllerViewWillAppearDelayBlock block = ^(UIViewController *viewController, BOOL animated) {
        __strong typeof(weakSelf) strongSelf = weakSelf;
        if (strongSelf) {
            [strongSelf setNavigationBarHidden:viewController.base_currentNavigationBarHidden animated:animated];
        }
    };
    
    appearingViewController.viewWillAppearDelayBlock = block;
    UIViewController *disappearingViewController = self.viewControllers.lastObject;
    if (disappearingViewController && !disappearingViewController.viewWillAppearDelayBlock) {
        disappearingViewController.viewWillAppearDelayBlock = block;
    }
}

 

實現完整的分類的過程中,使用了一些運行時類型和方法。

1.引用頭文件#import <objc/runtime.h>

2.為分類增加屬性,涉及到了如下方法:

void objc_setAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy)

id objc_getAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key)

例如UIViewController (PopGesture)中增加的屬性base_currentNavigationBarHidden的get/set方法:

- (BOOL)base_currentNavigationBarHidden
{
    NSNumber *number = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, _cmd);
    if (number) {
        return number.boolValue;
    }
    
    self.base_currentNavigationBarHidden = NO;
    return NO;
}

- (void)setBase_currentNavigationBarHidden:(BOOL)hidden
{
    self.canUseViewWillAppearDelayBlock = YES;
    
    objc_setAssociatedObject(self, @selector(base_currentNavigationBarHidden), @(hidden), OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}

 

第一個參數一般為self。

第二個參數const void *key,要求傳入一個地址。

可以聲明一個static char *key;或者static NSString *key;,賦值與否並不重要,因為需要的只是地址,參數為&key。

而上述代碼中使用了_cmd和@selector,作用是一樣的。_cmd返回的是當前方法的SEL,@selector也是返回目標方法的SEL,即是函數地址。

第三個參數即是關聯的值。

第四個參數policy,為枚舉類型,基本對應屬性引用相關的關鍵字:

typedef OBJC_ENUM(uintptr_t, objc_AssociationPolicy) {

    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN = 0,           /**< Specifies a weak reference to the associated object. */

    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC = 1, /**< Specifies a strong reference to the associated object. 

                                            *   The association is not made atomically. */

    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC = 3,   /**< Specifies that the associated object is copied. 

                                            *   The association is not made atomically. */

    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN = 01401,       /**< Specifies a strong reference to the associated object.

                                            *   The association is made atomically. */

    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY = 01403          /**< Specifies that the associated object is copied.

                                            *   The association is made atomically. */

};

 

3.理解其他的一些運行時類型或方法

typedef struct objc_method *Method;//An opaque type that represents a method in a class definition.

Method class_getInstanceMethod(Class cls, SEL name) //返回實例方法

Method class_getClassMethod(Class cls, SEL name) //返回類方法

IMP method_getImplementation(Method m) //Returns the implementation of a method.

const char *method_getTypeEncoding(Method m) //Returns a string describing a method's parameter and return types.

BOOL class_addMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp, const char *types) //Adds a new method to a class with a given name and implementation.

IMP class_replaceMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp, const char *types) //Replaces the implementation of a method for a given class.

void method_exchangeImplementations(Method m1, Method m2) //Exchanges the implementations of two methods.

 

以上方法,可以達到swizzle方法的目的,將分類中新增方法與已有舊的方法交換函數地址,可以作為完全替換(因為運行時,執行的方法名稱仍然為viewWillAppear:,但是指向新增方法地址),也可以在新增方法代碼中調用當前的方法名稱(交換后,當前的方法名稱指向舊方法地址)。例如UIViewController中的下列代碼:

+(void)load
{
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    
    static dispatch_once_t once;
    dispatch_once(&once, ^{
        [weakSelf swizzleOriginalSelector:@selector(viewWillAppear:) withNewSelector:@selector(base_viewWillAppear:)];
        
        [weakSelf swizzleOriginalSelector:@selector(viewDidDisappear:) withNewSelector:@selector(base_viewDidDisappear:)];
    });
}

+(void)swizzleOriginalSelector:(SEL)originalSelector withNewSelector:(SEL)newSelector
{
    Class selfClass = [self class];
    
    Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(selfClass, originalSelector);
    Method newMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(selfClass, newSelector);
    
    IMP originalIMP = method_getImplementation(originalMethod);
    IMP newIMP = method_getImplementation(newMethod);
    
    //先用新的IMP加到原始SEL中
    BOOL addSuccess = class_addMethod(selfClass, originalSelector, newIMP, method_getTypeEncoding(newMethod));
    if (addSuccess) {
        class_replaceMethod(selfClass, newSelector, originalIMP, method_getTypeEncoding(originalMethod));
    }else{
        method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, newMethod);
    }
}

-(void)base_viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    [self base_viewWillAppear:animated];
    
    if (self.canUseViewWillAppearDelayBlock
        && self.viewWillAppearDelayBlock) {
        self.viewWillAppearDelayBlock(self, animated);
    }
    
    if (self.transitionCoordinator) {
        [self.transitionCoordinator notifyWhenInteractionEndsUsingBlock:^(id<UIViewControllerTransitionCoordinatorContext>  _Nonnull context) {
            if ([context isCancelled]) {
                self.base_isBeingPoped = NO;
            }
        }];
    }
}

 

特別說明:

A.+load靜態方法將在此分類加入運行時調用(Invoked whenever a class or category is added to the Objective-C runtime),執行順序在該類自己的+load方法之后。

 

B.如果在使用中未明確設置base_currentNavigationBarHidden,canUseViewWillAppearDelayBlock則為NO,因為我封裝的父類中提供了類似功能,所以不需要開啟分類中同樣的功能。該功能目的是提供給直接集成分類的朋友。

C.UIViewController的transitionCoordinator屬性,在當前界面有過場交互時候,該屬性有值。並且在交互結束時候,可以回調一個block,以告知過場交互的狀態和相關屬性。這里聲明了一個屬性base_isBeingPoped,用於標記當前視圖控制器是否正在被pop出導航棧,如果交互取消了,置為NO,最終可以在viewDidDisappear:方法中判斷並執行一些操作。

 

使用UINavigationController的代理方法來實現高度自定義的方案,下次再更新記錄。

=================

已更新:http://www.cnblogs.com/ALongWay/p/5896982.html

 

base項目已更新:git@github.com:ALongWay/base.git


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