maven-dependency-plugin插件的使用

　　maven-dependency-plugin是處理與依賴相關的插件。它有很多可用的goal，大部分是和依賴構建、分析和解決相關的goal，這部分goal可以直接用maven的命令操作，例如：mvn dependency:tree、mvn dependency:analyze；這類操作在平時的maven應用中很少會用到。這里主要介紹除此之外的、用得最多的幾個操作：copy, copy-dependencies和它們對應的unpack, unpack-dependencies.

　　首先聲明插件:

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.8</version>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

copy 和 unpack

copy操作可以用來將某個（些）maven artifact(s)拷貝到某個目錄下。添加phase和goal如下：

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.8</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>copy</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

然后就是配置，copy可以的配置的項比較多，詳細的請參考：copy配置。下面是一些常用項說明：

Name Type Since Description

artifactItems	`List`	`1.0`	Collection of ArtifactItems to work on. (ArtifactItem contains groupId, artifactId, version, type, classifier, outputDirectory, destFileName and overWrite.) See Usage for details.
outputDirectory	`File`	`1.0`	Default output location used for mojo, unless overridden in ArtifactItem. Default value is: `${project.build.directory}/dependency`. User property is: `outputDirectory`.
prependGroupId	`boolean`	`2.7`	Prepend artifact groupId during copy Default value is: `false`. User property is: `mdep.prependGroupId`.

prependGroupId: 用來指示拷出來的library名字需要不需要加上groupId，默認是不加
outputDirectory: 用來指定拷出后Libraries的存放地

這里除了artifactItems沒有默認值，需要指定外，所有其他的選項都可以被忽略：

<configuration>
    <artifactItems>
        <artifactItem>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
        </artifactItem>
    </artifactItems>
</configuration>

以上配置會將junit包拷到target/dependency目錄下，文件名為：junit-4.11.jar。

如果想把它拷到lib目錄下，可以如下配置：

<configuration>
    <artifactItems>
        <artifactItem>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
        </artifactItem>
    </artifactItems>
    <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>
</configuration>

或者:

<configuration>
    <artifactItems>
        <artifactItem>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>
        </artifactItem>
    </artifactItems>
</configuration>

根據上面的說明，artifactItem里可以有以下幾個參數：

groupId
artifactId
version
type
classifier
outputDirectory
destFileName
overWrite

同樣的參數，artifactItem里的優先級更高，例如：

<configuration>
    <artifactItems>
        <artifactItem>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
        </artifactItem>
        <artifactItem>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.7</version>
            <outputDirectory>lib2</outputDirectory>
        </artifactItem>
    </artifactItems>
    <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>
</configuration>

其中junit會拷到lib目錄下，因為它沒有定義自己的outputDirectory；slf4j-log4j12會拷到lib2下，因為它定義了自己的outputDirectory。

unpack和copy類似，只不過它會把拷來的包解開，例如：

<executions>
    <execution>
        <phase>package</phase>
        <goals>
            <goal>unpack</goal>
        </goals>
    </execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
    <artifactItems>
        <artifactItem>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
        </artifactItem>
        <artifactItem>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.7</version>
            <outputDirectory>lib2</outputDirectory>
        </artifactItem>
    </artifactItems>
    <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>
</configuration>

則junit和slf4j-log4j12拷完以后，放到lib和lib2下的不再是Jar包，還是Jar包里的內容。

copy-dependencies 和 unpack-dependencies

上面介紹的copy 和 unpack操作是由要拷某個包，這個包需要具體指定要拷哪個包，與當前工程的依賴沒有關系。copy-dependencies和它有點類似，但是它是用來拷當前工程的依賴包的，典型的，例如我們有一個web應用，當打成war包的時候，它所有的依賴也需要被打到應用中。

copy-dependencies的參數有很多，詳細的可以參考：copy-dependencies Doc，但是幾乎所有都有默認值。所以一個最簡單的定義如下：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.8</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

這里沒有指定任何配置，所有的參數都用默認值，則當前工程的所有依賴（直接、間接的）都會被拷到target/dependency目錄下。

也可以使用outputDirectory指定存放在。另外，以下幾個參數可以控制哪些依賴將被拷出（或排除）：

Name Type Since Description

excludeArtifactIds	`String`	`2.0`	Comma separated list of Artifact names to exclude. User property is: `excludeArtifactIds`.
excludeClassifiers	`String`	`2.0`	Comma Separated list of Classifiers to exclude. Empty String indicates don't exclude anything (default). User property is: `excludeClassifiers`.
excludeGroupIds	`String`	`2.0`	Comma separated list of GroupId Names to exclude. User property is: `excludeGroupIds`.
excludeScope	`String`	`2.0`	Scope to exclude. An Empty string indicates no scopes (default). User property is: `excludeScope`.
excludeTransitive	`boolean`	`2.0`	If we should exclude transitive dependencies Default value is: `false`. User property is: `excludeTransitive`.
excludeTypes	`String`	`2.0`	Comma Separated list of Types to exclude. Empty String indicates don't exclude anything (default). User property is: `excludeTypes`.
includeArtifactIds	`String`	`2.0`	Comma separated list of Artifact names to include. User property is: `includeArtifactIds`.
includeClassifiers	`String`	`2.0`	Comma Separated list of Classifiers to include. Empty String indicates include everything (default). User property is: `includeClassifiers`.
includeGroupIds	`String`	`2.0`	Comma separated list of GroupIds to include. User property is: `includeGroupIds`.
includeScope	`String`	`2.0`	Scope to include. An Empty string indicates all scopes (default). The scopes being interpreted are the scopes as Maven sees them, not as specified in the pom. In summary: `runtime` scope gives runtime and compile dependencies, `compile` scope gives compile, provided, and system dependencies, `test` (default) scope gives all dependencies, `provided` scope just gives provided dependencies, `system` scope just gives system dependencies. User property is: `includeScope`.
includeTypes	`String`	`2.0`	Comma Separated list of Types to include. Empty String indicates include everything (default). User property is: `includeTypes`.

例如當前工程有以下依賴：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.11</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.7</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
        <artifactId>camel-script</artifactId>
        <version>2.13.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
        <artifactId>camel-spring</artifactId>
        <version>2.13.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
        <artifactId>camel-xstream</artifactId>
        <version>2.13.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
        <artifactId>activemq-all</artifactId>
        <version>5.10.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
        <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.ogce</groupId>
        <artifactId>xpp3</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.6</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

要排除所有scope為test的依賴：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.8</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <includeScope>compile</includeScope>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

注意：這里不能<excludeScope>test</excludeScope>，這樣會把所有compile級別的也排除。看下圖：

Copied From: Dependencies Scopes

scope/phase->	compile	test	run	assembly
compile	U	U	U	U
provided	U	!	!	!
runtime	!	U	U	U
test	!	U	!	!

說明：最左側是表示dependency的scope級別，頂行表示maven的階段，可以看出：compile級別的dependency會在所有階段都被使用。

要排除所有camel的依賴，如下：

<configuration>
    <excludeGroupIds>org.apache.camel</excludeGroupIds>
</configuration>

要排除除camel-spring外的所有其他依賴如下：

<configuration>
    <includeArtifactIds>camel-spring</includeArtifactIds>
</configuration>

轉載:http://liugang594.iteye.com/blog/2093082

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