Java產生死鎖的一個簡單例子

思路是創建兩個字符串a和b，再創建兩個線程A和B，讓每個線程都用synchronized鎖住字符串（A先鎖a，再去鎖b；B先鎖b，再鎖a），如果A鎖住a，B鎖住b，A就沒辦法鎖住b，B也沒辦法鎖住a，這時就陷入了死鎖。直接貼代碼：

public class DeadLock {
    public static String obj1 = "obj1";
    public static String obj2 = "obj2";
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Thread a = new Thread(new Lock1());
        Thread b = new Thread(new Lock2());
        a.start();
        b.start();
    }    
}
class Lock1 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        try{
            System.out.println("Lock1 running");
            while(true){
                synchronized(DeadLock.obj1){
                    System.out.println("Lock1 lock obj1");
                    Thread.sleep(3000);//獲取obj1后先等一會兒，讓Lock2有足夠的時間鎖住obj2
                    synchronized(DeadLock.obj2){
                        System.out.println("Lock1 lock obj2");
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
class Lock2 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        try{
            System.out.println("Lock2 running");
            while(true){
                synchronized(DeadLock.obj2){
                    System.out.println("Lock2 lock obj2");
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                    synchronized(DeadLock.obj1){
                        System.out.println("Lock2 lock obj1");
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

運行的結果如圖所示：

可以看到，Lock1獲取obj1，Lock2獲取obj2，但是它們都沒有辦法再獲取另外一個obj，因為它們都在等待對方先釋放鎖，這時就是死鎖。

 

如果我們只運行Lock1呢？修改一下main函數，把線程b注釋掉。

public class DeadLock {
    public static String obj1 = "obj1";
    public static String obj2 = "obj2";
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Thread a = new Thread(new Lock1());
        //Thread b = new Thread(new Lock2());
        a.start();
        //b.start();
    }
}
class Lock1 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        try{
            System.out.println("Lock1 running");
            while(true){
                synchronized(DeadLock.obj1){
                    System.out.println("Lock1 lock obj1");
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                    synchronized(DeadLock.obj2){
                        System.out.println("Lock1 lock obj2");
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
class Lock2 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        try{
            System.out.println("Lock2 running");
            while(true){
                synchronized(DeadLock.obj2){
                    System.out.println("Lock2 lock obj2");
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                    synchronized(DeadLock.obj1){
                        System.out.println("Lock2 lock obj1");
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

運行結果為：

由於沒有其它線程和Lock1爭奪obj1和obj2，Lock1可以不斷地循環獲取並釋放它們，這時沒有死鎖。