一、引言
藍牙是設備近距離通信的一種方便手段,在iPhone引入藍牙4.0后,設備之間的通訊變得更加簡單。相關的藍牙操作由專門的 CoreBluetooth.framework進行統一管理。通過藍牙進行通訊交互分為兩方,一方為中心設備central,一方為外設 peripheral,外設通過廣播的方式向外發送信息,中心設備檢索到外設發的廣播信息,可以進行配對連接,進而進行數據交互。
二、中心設備CBCentralManager
CBCentralManager是管理中心設備的管理類,其中重要方法如下:
//設置中心設備代理 @property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) id<CBCentralManagerDelegate> delegate; //中心設備當前狀態 @property(readonly) CBCentralManagerState state; //中心設備是否正在掃描 @property(readonly) BOOL isScanning NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0);
其中state是一個枚舉,有關藍牙是否可用的狀態如下:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBCentralManagerState) { //狀態未知 CBCentralManagerStateUnknown = 0, //連接斷開 即將重置 CBCentralManagerStateResetting, //該平台不支持藍牙 CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported, //未授權藍牙使用 CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized, //藍牙關閉 CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff, //藍牙正常開啟 CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn, };
下面這些方法用於初始化管理中心:
//初始化方法 //設置的代理需要遵守CBCentralManagerDelegate協議 //queue可以設置藍牙掃描的線程 傳入nil則為在主線程中進行 - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBCentralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue; //此方法同上 在options字典中用於進行一些管理中心的初始化屬性設置 //字典中支持的鍵值如下 /* NSString * const CBCentralManagerOptionShowPowerAlertKey 對應一個NSNumber類型的bool值,用於設置是否在關閉藍牙時彈出用戶提示 NSString * const CBCentralManagerOptionRestoreIdentifierKey 對應一個NSString對象,設置管理中心的標識符ID */ - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBCentralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;
//根據獲取所有已知設備 - (NSArray<CBPeripheral *> *)retrievePeripheralsWithIdentifiers:(NSArray<NSUUID *> *)identifiers; //根據服務id獲取所有連接的設備 - (NSArray<CBPeripheral *> *)retrieveConnectedPeripheralsWithServices:(NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs;
在初始化管理中心完成后,會回調代理中的如下方法,我們必須實現如下方法:
//這個方法中可以獲取到管理中心的狀態 - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;
如果上面方法中管理中心狀態為藍牙可用,可以通過下面方法開啟掃描外設:
//serviceUUIDs用於掃描一個特點ID的外設 options用於設置一些掃描屬性 鍵值如下 /* //是否允許重復掃描 對應NSNumber的bool值,默認為NO,會自動去重 NSString *const CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey; //要掃描的設備UUID 數組 對應NSArray NSString *const CBCentralManagerScanOptionSolicitedServiceUUIDsKey; */ - (void)scanForPeripheralsWithServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;
//停止掃描外設 - (void)stopScan;
掃描的結果會在如下代理方法中回掉:
//peripheral 掃描到的外設 //advertisementData是外設發送的廣播數據 //RSSI 是信號強度 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
掃描到外設后,通過下面方法可以連接一個外設:
/* options中可以設置一些連接設備的初始屬性鍵值如下 //對應NSNumber的bool值,設置當外設連接后是否彈出一個警告 NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnConnectionKey; //對應NSNumber的bool值,設置當外設斷開連接后是否彈出一個警告 NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey; //對應NSNumber的bool值,設置當外設暫停連接后是否彈出一個警告 NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnNotificationKey; */ - (void)connectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options; //取消一個外設的連接 - (void)cancelPeripheralConnection:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;
調用過連接外設的方法后,會回掉如下代理方法:
//連接外設成功 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral; //連接外設失敗 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error; //斷開外設連接 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;
當管理中心恢復時會調用如下代理:
//dict中會傳入如下鍵值對 /* //恢復連接的外設數組 NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStatePeripheralsKey; //恢復連接的服務UUID數組 NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStateScanServicesKey; //恢復連接的外設掃描屬性字典數組 NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStateScanOptionsKey; */ - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central willRestoreState:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)dict;
三、外設CBPeripheralManager
從上面我們知道,中心設備是用來掃描周圍的外設,兩台設備的通訊中,必須有一個充當中心設備,一個充當外設,外設是由CBPeripheralManager進行管理,主要方法如下:
//設置外設管理中心代理 @property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) id<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate> delegate; //外設狀態 枚舉如中心設備 @property(readonly) CBPeripheralManagerState state; //是否正在發送廣播 @property(readonly) BOOL isAdvertising; //用戶的授權狀態 + (CBPeripheralManagerAuthorizationStatus)authorizationStatus; //初始化並設置代理 參數的具體含義與中心設備管理中心 - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t); - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options; //開始發送廣播 //advertisementData中可以發送的數據有約定 如下 /* 對應設置NSString類型的廣播名 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey; 外設制造商的NSData數據 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataManufacturerDataKey; 外設制造商的CBUUID數據 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataServiceDataKey; 服務的UUID與其對應的服務數據字典數組 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey; 附加服務的UUID數組 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataOverflowServiceUUIDsKey; 外設的發送功率 NSNumber類型 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataTxPowerLevelKey; 外設是否可以連接 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataIsConnectable; 服務的UUID數組 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataSolicitedServiceUUIDsKey; */ - (void)startAdvertising:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)advertisementData; //停止發送廣播 - (void)stopAdvertising; //設置一個連接的具體central設備的延時 枚舉如下 /* typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatency) { CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyLow = 0, CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyMedium, CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyHigh } NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0); */ - (void)setDesiredConnectionLatency:(CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatency)latency forCentral:(CBCentral *)central; //添加一個服務 - (void)addService:(CBMutableService *)service; //移除一個服務 - (void)removeService:(CBMutableService *)service; //移除所有服務 - (void)removeAllServices; //響應中心設備的讀寫請求 - (void)respondToRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request withResult:(CBATTError)result; //更新一個連接中心設備的訂閱特征值 - (BOOL)updateValue:(NSData *)value forCharacteristic:(CBMutableCharacteristic *)characteristic onSubscribedCentrals:(nullable NSArray<CBCentral *> *)centrals;
外設代理的相關方法如下:
//這個方法是必須實現的 狀態可用后可以發送廣播 - (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral; //連接回復時調用的方法 和centralManager類似 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral willRestoreState:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)dict; //開始發送廣播時調用的方法 - (void)peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error; //添加服務調用的回調 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error; //當一個central設備訂閱一個特征值時調用的方法 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didSubscribeToCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic; //取消訂閱一個特征值時調用的方法 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic; //收到讀請求時觸發的方法 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveReadRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request; //收到寫請求時觸發的方法 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(NSArray<CBATTRequest *> *)requests; //外設准備更新特征值時調用的方法 - (void)peripheralManagerIsReadyToUpdateSubscribers:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral;
四、中心設備與外設對象CBCentral與CBPeripheral
上面介紹了中心設備管理類與外設管理類,這些類用於將設備連接建立起來,器具的數據交換的服務和一些信息則是在對應的設備對象中。
1、中心設備 CBCentral屬性與方法
//設備UUID @property(readonly, nonatomic) NSUUID *identifier; //中心設備最大接收的數據長度 @property(readonly, nonatomic) NSUInteger maximumUpdateValueLength;
2、外設CAPeripheral屬性與方法
外設對象要比中心對象復雜的多,當centralManager連接到外設后,需要通過外設對象的代理方法進行數據交互,其中主要方法屬性如下:
//設置代理 @property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) id<CBPeripheralDelegate> delegate; //外設name @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSString *name; //信號強度 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSNumber *RSSI NS_DEPRECATED(NA, NA, 5_0, 8_0); //外設狀態 /* typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralState) { CBPeripheralStateDisconnected = 0,//未連接 CBPeripheralStateConnecting,//正在鏈接 CBPeripheralStateConnected,//已經連接 CBPeripheralStateDisconnecting NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0),//正在斷開連接 } NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0); */ @property(readonly) CBPeripheralState state; //所有的服務數組 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBService *> *services; //獲取當前信號強度 - (void)readRSSI; //根據服務UUID尋找服務對象 - (void)discoverServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs; //在服務對象UUID數組中尋找特定服務 - (void)discoverIncludedServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)includedServiceUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service; //在一個服務中尋找特征值 - (void)discoverCharacteristics:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)characteristicUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service; //從一個特征中讀取數據 - (void)readValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic; //寫數據的最大長度 //type枚舉如下 /* typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBCharacteristicWriteType) { CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse = 0,//寫數據並且接收成功與否回執 CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse,//寫數據不接收回執 }; */ - (NSUInteger)maximumWriteValueLengthForType:(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0); //向某個特征中寫數據 - (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic type:(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type; //為制定的特征值設置監聽通知 - (void)setNotifyValue:(BOOL)enabled forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic; //尋找特征值的描述 - (void)discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic; //讀取特征的描述值 - (void)readValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor; //寫特征的描述值 - (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor;
外設的代理方法如下:
//外設名稱更改時回調的方法 - (void)peripheralDidUpdateName:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0); //外設服務變化時回調的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didModifyServices:(NSArray<CBService *> *)invalidatedServices NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0); //信號強度改變時調用的方法 - (void)peripheralDidUpdateRSSI:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error NS_DEPRECATED(NA, NA, 5_0, 8_0); //讀取信號強度回調的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didReadRSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI error:(nullable NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 8_0); //發現服務時調用的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(nullable NSError *)error; //在服務中發現子服務回調的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverIncludedServicesForService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error; //發現服務的特征值后回調的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error; //特征值更新時回調的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error; //向特征值寫數據時回調的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error; //特征值的通知設置改變時觸發的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error; //發現特征值的描述信息觸發的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error; //特征的描述值更新時觸發的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error; //寫描述信息時觸發的方法 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error;
五、服務對象CBService
服務對象是用來管理外設提供的一些數據服務的,其中屬性如下:
//對應的外設 @property(assign, readonly, nonatomic) CBPeripheral *peripheral; //是否是初等服務 @property(readonly, nonatomic) BOOL isPrimary; //包含的自服務 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBService *> *includedServices; //服務中的特征值 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBCharacteristic *> *characteristics;
六、服務的特征值CBCharacteristic
通過綁定服務中的特征值來進行數據的讀寫操作,其中屬性如下:
//對應的服務對象 @property(assign, readonly, nonatomic) CBService *service; //特征值的屬性 枚舉如下 /* typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) { CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast,//允許廣播特征 CBCharacteristicPropertyRead,//可讀屬性 CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse,//可寫並且接收回執 CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite,//可寫屬性 CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify,//可通知屬性 CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate,//可展現的特征值 CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites,//允許簽名的特征值寫入 CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties, CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired, CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired }; */ @property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCharacteristicProperties properties; //特征值的數據 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSData *value; //特征值的描述 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBDescriptor *> *descriptors; //是否是當前廣播的特征 @property(readonly) BOOL isBroadcasted; //是否是正在通知的特征 @property(readonly) BOOL isNotifying;
七、讀寫請求對象CBATTRequest
服務對象是外設向中心設備提供的相關數據服務,獲取到相應服務后,中心設備可以進行讀寫請求,讀寫對象屬性如下:
//對應的中心設備 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCentral *central; //對應的特征值 @property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCharacteristic *characteristic; //讀寫數據值 @property(readwrite, copy, nullable) NSData *value;