Python中,添加寫入數據到已經存在的Excel的xls文件,即打開excel文件,寫入新數據


背景

Python中,想要打開已經存在的excel的xls文件,然后在最后新的一行的數據。

 

折騰過程

1.找到了參考資料:

writing to existing workbook using xlwt

其實是沒有直接實現:

打開已有的excel文件,然后在文件最后寫入,添加新數據

的函數的。

只不過,可以利用:

Working with Excel Files in Python

中的庫,組合實現。

2. writing to existing workbook using xlwt

給出了示例代碼:

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rom xlutils.copy import copy # http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlutils
from xlrd import open_workbook # http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd
from xlwt import easyxf # http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt
 
START_ROW = 297 # 0 based (subtract 1 from excel row number)
col_age_november = 1
col_summer1 = 2
col_fall1 = 3
 
rb = open_workbook(file_path,formatting_info = True )
r_sheet = rb.sheet_by_index( 0 ) # read only copy to introspect the file
wb = copy(rb) # a writable copy (I can't read values out of this, only write to it)
w_sheet = wb.get_sheet( 0 ) # the sheet to write to within the writable copy
 
for row_index in range (START_ROW, r_sheet.nrows):
     age_nov = r_sheet.cell(row_index, col_age_november).value
     if age_nov = = 3 :
         #If 3, then Combo I 3-4 year old  for both summer1 and fall1
         w_sheet.write(row_index, col_summer1, 'Combo I 3-4 year old' )
         w_sheet.write(row_index, col_fall1, 'Combo I 3-4 year old' )
 
wb.save(file_path + '.out' + os.path.splitext(file_path)[ - 1 ])

3. 剛又看到,有更簡潔的代碼:

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from xlutils.copy import copy
w = copy( 'book1.xls' )
w.get_sheet( 0 ).write( 0 , 0 , "foo" )
w.save( 'book2.xls' )

4.現在打算去試試。

先去安裝xlrd:

【記錄】Python中安裝xlrd模塊

6.再去安裝xlutils:

【記錄】Python中安裝可以讀寫excel的xls文件的xlutils模塊(需依賴於xlrd和xlwt)

7.接着可以去寫代碼了。

8.先是:

【已解決】Python中使用xlutils.copy出錯:AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘copy’

9.后是:

【已解決】Python中使用xlutils的copy出錯:AttributeError: ‘str’ object has no attribute ‘datemode’

10.后來是用如下代碼:

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import xlwt;
import xlrd;
#import xlutils;
from xlutils.copy import copy;
 
#init xls file
#styleBlueBkg= xlwt.easyxf('pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour sky_blue;');
#styleBold   = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold on');
styleBoldRed   = xlwt.easyxf( 'font: color-index red, bold on' );
headerStyle = styleBoldRed;
wb = xlwt.Workbook();
ws = wb.add_sheet(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'sheetName' ]);
ws.write( 0 , 0 , "Header" ,        headerStyle);
ws.write( 0 , 1 , "CatalogNumber" , headerStyle);
ws.write( 0 , 2 , "PartNumber" ,    headerStyle);
wb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]);
 
 
#open existed xls file
#newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
#newWb = copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
oldWb = xlrd.open_workbook(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]);
print oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940>
newWb = copy(oldWb);
print newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470>
newWs = newWb.get_sheet( 0 );
newWs.write( 1 , 0 , "value1" );
newWs.write( 1 , 1 , "value2" );
newWs.write( 1 , 2 , "value3" );
print "write new values ok" ;
newWb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]);
print "save with same name ok" ;

 

實現了,打開,剛剛保存的,已經存在的xls文件,

然后寫入新數據的目的。

但是有個缺點,

第一次保存時的,帶格式(標題內容為紅色粗體)的內容:

old xls with format

重新寫入新數據,再保存時,卻丟失了之前的格式(標題沒了紅色粗體了):

rewrite one loss format

11.后來還是參考:

writing to existing workbook using xlwt

中的那個標准答案,在用xlrd.open_workbook時,添加對應的參數formatting_info=True,就可以保留原有格式了。

完整代碼:

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import xlwt;
import xlrd;
#import xlutils;
from xlutils.copy import copy;
 
#init xls file
#styleBlueBkg= xlwt.easyxf('pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour sky_blue;');
#styleBold   = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold on');
styleBoldRed   = xlwt.easyxf( 'font: color-index red, bold on' );
headerStyle = styleBoldRed;
wb = xlwt.Workbook();
ws = wb.add_sheet(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'sheetName' ]);
ws.write( 0 , 0 , "Header" ,        headerStyle);
ws.write( 0 , 1 , "CatalogNumber" , headerStyle);
ws.write( 0 , 2 , "PartNumber" ,    headerStyle);
wb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]);
 
 
#open existed xls file
#newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
#newWb = copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
oldWb = xlrd.open_workbook(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ], formatting_info = True );
print oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940>
newWb = copy(oldWb);
print newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470>
newWs = newWb.get_sheet( 0 );
newWs.write( 1 , 0 , "value1" );
newWs.write( 1 , 1 , "value2" );
newWs.write( 1 , 2 , "value3" );
print "write new values ok" ;
newWb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]);
print "save with same name ok" ;
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最后重新寫入的數據,就可以保留之前的格式了(標題為紅色粗體):

new one with format

 

總結

python中操作,本身就復雜的xls文件,還是有點小麻煩的。

想要,往已經存在的xls文件中,寫入新的行,新的數據,對應的邏輯為:

  1. 用xlrd.open_workbook打開已有的xsl文件
    • 注意添加參數formatting_info=True,得以保存之前數據的格式
  2. 然后用,from xlutils.copy import copy;,之后的copy去從打開的xlrd的Book變量中,拷貝出一份,成為新的xlwt的Workbook變量
  3. 然后對於xlwt的Workbook變量,就是正常的:
    1. 通過get_sheet去獲得對應的sheet
    2. 拿到sheet變量后,就可以往sheet中,寫入新的數據
  4. 寫完新數據后,最終save保存

 

相關完整代碼為:

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import xlwt;
import xlrd;
#import xlutils;
from xlutils.copy import copy;
 
styleBoldRed   = xlwt.easyxf( 'font: color-index red, bold on' );
headerStyle = styleBoldRed;
wb = xlwt.Workbook();
ws = wb.add_sheet(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'sheetName' ]);
ws.write( 0 , 0 , "Header" ,        headerStyle);
ws.write( 0 , 1 , "CatalogNumber" , headerStyle);
ws.write( 0 , 2 , "PartNumber" ,    headerStyle);
wb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]);
 
#open existed xls file
#newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
#newWb = copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
oldWb = xlrd.open_workbook(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ], formatting_info = True );
print oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940>
newWb = copy(oldWb);
print newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470>
newWs = newWb.get_sheet( 0 );
newWs.write( 1 , 0 , "value1" );
newWs.write( 1 , 1 , "value2" );
newWs.write( 1 , 2 , "value3" );
print "write new values ok" ;
newWb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]);
print "save with same name ok" ;

 

其中,關於如何下載和安裝對應的庫,可參考:

【記錄】Python中生成(寫入數據到)Excel文件中

【記錄】Python中安裝xlrd模塊

【記錄】Python中安裝可以讀寫excel的xls文件的xlutils模塊(需依賴於xlrd和xlwt)

 


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