一、軟件包:
- 源碼包
- 二進制包(rpm包,編譯完成)
- 依賴性 包A-->包B-->包C
一、rpm
掛載鏡像,從鏡像文件中找到要安裝的rpm包
[root@hadoop09-linux ~]# mount /dev/cdrom1 /media/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
查詢已安裝的好的包
[root@hadoop09-linux ~]# rpm -qa # -a all -q query openssh-server-5.3p1-84.1.el6.x86_64 poppler-0.12.4-3.el6_0.1.x86_64 festvox-slt-arctic-hts-0.20061229-18.el6.noarch dejavu-fonts-common-2.30-2.el6.noarch
來安裝一個,看看bind包是否被安裝
[root@hadoop09-linux Packages]# rpm -qa | grep "^bind$" [root@hadoop09-linux Packages]# # 沒有被安裝
那么在/media/Package目錄下查找到bind包,進行安裝
[root@hadoop09-linux Packages]# ll | grep "bind" -r--r--r--. 2 root root 4157992 Feb 23 2013 bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm
使用rpm安裝bind
[root@hadoop09-linux Packages]# rpm -ivh bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:bind ########################################### [100%]
查看安裝的bind包會有那些文件(包括配置文件的目錄位置)
[root@hadoop09-linux shell]# rpm -ql `rpm -qa | grep "bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64"` # -q:query -a:all:-l list ;-qa 查詢全部已安裝 -ql 列出包內容 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/13-named /etc/logrotate.d/named /etc/named /etc/named.conf /etc/named.iscdlv.key /etc/named.rfc1912.zones ...
查看某個文件來自於那個包
[root@hadoop09-linux Packages]# rpm -qf /etc/ntp.conf ntp-4.2.6p5-10.el6.centos.1.x86_64
卸載
[root@hadoop09-linux Packages]# rpm -e 文件名 # 不用帶后綴
二、yum
- 優點:方便,快捷,自動找到並安裝依賴的包
- 缺點:必須聯網安裝,yum源一定要正確
查看系統安裝了哪些包
[root@hadoop09-linux Packages]# yum list | grep "@" #得到結果中base為倉庫名,@代表已安裝
-
使用yum安裝httpd-devel
[root@hadoop09-linux Packages]# yum -y install httpd-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net ...
- 查看httpd-devel是否已經安裝好了
[root@hadoop09-linux Packages]# yum list | grep "httpd-devel" | grep "@" httpd-devel.x86_64 2.2.15-54.el6.centos @updates
卸載安裝過的rpm包
[root@hadoop09-linux Packages]# yum -y remove httpd-devel
- yum倉庫(源) :mirrors.163.com/mirrors.sohu.com
- yum倉庫位置:/etc/yum.repos.d/
備用 yum list available yum list updates yum list installed yum -y update xxx yum remove xxx