EventBus 事件總線 原理 MD


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目錄

EventBus

一句話描述:調用【register】方法后,EventBus會把當前類中【onEvent開頭的方法】,存入一個【單例】內部維持着一個【map】中,KEY就是【方法中的參數】,Value就是此【onEvent開頭的方法】;而后在post的時候,EventBus就會根據我們傳入的參數的類型去map中查找匹配的方法(可能有很多個),然后逐個【反射】調用這些方法。

收不到消息的原因

  • 方法名不對(必須以onEvent開頭)
  • 參數不對(參數只能有一個,且不能是基本類型)
  • 可能沒有注冊。發送不需要注冊,接收需要注冊。父類如果注冊的話,子類調用super方法后不能再注冊,否則異常退出
  • 注冊的位置可能不對(試一下改為在onCreate方法中注冊,在onDestroy中1取消)
  • 可能需要加注解(在發送和接收的方法上加上@Subscribe注解)
  • 可能你的onEvent方法運行時有錯誤(比如空指針),此時EventBus不會提示任何異常,這會讓你誤以為是沒有回調到
  • 如果在BActivity中發了一條消息,AActivity中收到消息后時不能顯示吐司的

注冊 register

簡單說,EventBus.getDefault().register(this)所做的事情就是:在當前類中遍歷所有的方法,找到onEvent開頭的然后進行存儲。

EventBus.getDefault()其實就是個單例,register公布給我們使用的有4個,本質上調用的是同一個:

public void register(Object subscriber) { register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, 0); }
public void register(Object subscriber, int priority) { register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, priority); }
public void registerSticky(Object subscriber) { register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, 0);    }
public void registerSticky(Object subscriber, int priority) { register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, priority); }
private synchronized void register(Object subscriber, String methodName, boolean sticky, int priority) {
    List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(), methodName);
    for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
        subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);
    }
}

四個參數

  • subscriber:需要掃描的類,也就是我們代碼中常見的this
  • methodName:用於確定掃描什么開頭的方法,這個是寫死的"onEvent",可見我們的類中都是以這個開頭
  • sticky:是否是粘性事件,最后面再單獨說
  • priority:優先級,優先級越高,在調用的時候會越先調用

findSubscriberMethods

首先會調用findSubscriberMethods方法,實際是去遍歷該類內部所有方法,然后根據methodName去匹配,匹配成功的就封裝成SubscriberMethod對象,最后存儲到一個List並返回。

List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass, String eventMethodName) {
    String key = subscriberClass.getName() + '.' + eventMethodName;
    List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods;
    synchronized (methodCache) {
        subscriberMethods = methodCache.get(key);
    }
    if (subscriberMethods != null) {
        return subscriberMethods;
    }
    subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<SubscriberMethod>();
    Class<?> clazz = subscriberClass;
    HashSet<String> eventTypesFound = new HashSet<String>();
    StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder();
    while (clazz != null) {
        String name = clazz.getName();
        if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.") || name.startsWith("android.")) {
            // Skip system classes, this just degrades performance  降低性能
            break;
        }
        // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced 強制 methods to be public (might change with annotations again)  
        Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();//去得到所有的方法
        for (Method method : methods) {//開始遍歷每一個方法,去匹配封裝
            String methodName = method.getName();
            if (methodName.startsWith(eventMethodName)) {//分別判斷了是否以onEvent開頭,是否是public且非static和abstract方法,是否是一個參數。如果都符合,才進入封裝的部分。
                int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
                if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
                    Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
                    if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
                        String modifierString = methodName.substring(eventMethodName.length());
                        ThreadMode threadMode;
                        if (modifierString.length() == 0) {//根據方法的后綴,來確定threadMode,threadMode是個枚舉類型
                            threadMode = ThreadMode.PostThread;
                        } else if (modifierString.equals("MainThread")) {
                            threadMode = ThreadMode.MainThread;
                        } else if (modifierString.equals("BackgroundThread")) {
                            threadMode = ThreadMode.BackgroundThread;
                        } else if (modifierString.equals("Async")) {
                            threadMode = ThreadMode.Async;
                        } else {
                            if (skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {
                                continue;
                            } else {
                                throw new EventBusException("Illegal onEvent method, check for typos: " + method);
                            }
                        }
                        Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
                        methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);
                        methodKeyBuilder.append(methodName);
                        methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName());
                        String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();
                        if (eventTypesFound.add(methodKey)) {
                            // Only add if not already found in a sub class  
                            subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType));//將method, threadMode, eventType傳入構造SubscriberMethod對象,添加到List
                        }
                    }
                } else if (!skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {
                    Log.d(EventBus.TAG, "Skipping method (not public, static or abstract): " + clazz + "." + methodName);
                }
            }
        }
        clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();//會掃描所有的父類,不僅僅是當前類
    }
    if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
        throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass + " has no public methods called " + eventMethodName);//最常見的這個異常是在這里拋出來的
    } else {
        synchronized (methodCache) {
            methodCache.put(key, subscriberMethods);
        }
        return subscriberMethods;
    }
}

suscribe 方法

然后for循環掃描到的方法,然后調用suscribe方法

// Must be called in synchronized block  
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod, boolean sticky, int priority) {
    subscribed = true;
    Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType; //eventType是我們方法參數的Class,是Map的key
    //根據subscriberMethod.eventType,去subscriptionsByEventType查找一個CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> ,如果沒有則創建。
    CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType); // Map的value,這里的subscriptionsByEventType是個Map,這個Map其實就是EventBus存儲方法的地方
    Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);//Map的value中保存的是Subscription
    if (subscriptions == null) {
        subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>();
        subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
    } else {
        for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
            if (subscription.equals(newSubscription)) {
                throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event " + eventType);
            }
        }
    }
    // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)  
    // subscriberMethod.method.setAccessible(true);  
    int size = subscriptions.size();
    for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) { //按照優先級添加newSubscription,優先級越高,會插到在當前List的前面。
        if (i == size || newSubscription.priority > subscriptions.get(i).priority) {
            subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
            break;
        }
    }
    List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber); //根據subscriber存儲它所有的eventType
    if (subscribedEvents == null) {
        subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
        typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
    }
    subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
    if (sticky) { //判斷sticky;如果為true,從stickyEvents中根據eventType去查找有沒有stickyEvent,如果有則立即發布去執行
        Object stickyEvent;
        synchronized (stickyEvents) {
            stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
        }
        if (stickyEvent != null) {
            // If the subscriber is trying to abort the event, it will fail (event is not tracked in posting state)  
            // --> Strange corner case, which we don't take care of here.  
            postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper());
        }
    }
}

你只要記得一件事:掃描了所有的方法,把匹配的方法最終保存在subscriptionsByEventType(Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> )中;
eventType是我們方法參數的Class,Subscription中則保存着subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority;包含了執行改方法所需的一切。

發布 post

調用很簡單,一句話,你也可以叫發布,只要把這個param發布出去,EventBus會在它內部存儲的方法中,進行掃描,找到參數匹配的,就使用反射進行調用

/** Posts the given event to the event bus. */
public void post(Object event) {
    PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
    List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
    eventQueue.add(event);
    if (postingState.isPosting) {//防止每次post都會去調用整個隊列
        return;
    } else {
        postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();//判斷當前是否是UI線程(我去,竟然是通過這種方式判斷的!)
        postingState.isPosting = true;
        if (postingState.canceled) {
            throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
        }
        try {
            while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {//遍歷隊列中的所有的event,調用postSingleEvent方法。
                postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
            }
        } finally {
            postingState.isPosting = false;
            postingState.isMainThread = false;
        }
    }
}
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
    //得到event當前對象的Class,以及父類和接口的Class類型;主要用於匹配,比如你傳入Dog extends Animal,他會把Animal也裝到該List中。
    Class<? extends Object> eventClass = event.getClass();
    List<Class<?>> eventTypes = findEventTypes(eventClass);
    boolean subscriptionFound = false;
    int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
    for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) { //遍歷所有的Class,到subscriptionsByEventType去查找subscriptions,register時我們就是把方法存在了這個Map里
        Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
        synchronized (this) {
            subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(clazz);
        }
        if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
            for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
                postingState.event = event;
                postingState.subscription = subscription;
                boolean aborted = false;
                try {
                    postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread); //反射執行方法
                    aborted = postingState.canceled;
                } finally {
                    postingState.event = null;
                    postingState.subscription = null;
                    postingState.canceled = false;
                }
                if (aborted) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            subscriptionFound = true;
        }
    }
    if (!subscriptionFound) {
        Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
        if (eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class && eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
            post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
        }
    }
}
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
    switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) { //根據threadMode去判斷應該在哪個線程去執行該方法
    case PostThread:
        invokeSubscriber(subscription, event); //直接【反射】調用;也就是說在當前的線程直接調用該方法
        break;
    case MainThread:
        if (isMainThread) {//如果是UI線程,則直接調用
            invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
        } else {//否則把當前的方法加入到隊列,然后直接通過【handler】去發送一個消息,並在handler的handleMessage中去執行我們的方法
            mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
        }
        break;
    case BackgroundThread: 
        if (isMainThread) {//如果是UI線程,則將任務加入到后台的一個【隊列】,最終由Eventbus中的一個【線程池】去調用executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
            backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
        } else {//如果當前非UI線程,則直接調用
            invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
        }
        break;
    case Async: //將任務加入到后台的一個【隊列】,最終由Eventbus中的一個【線程池】去調用;線程池與BackgroundThread用的是【同一個】
        asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event); //BackgroundThread中的任務,【一個接着一個去調用】,中間使用了一個布爾型變量進行的控制。Async則會【動態控制並發】
        break;
    default:
        throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
    }
}

粘性事件 sticky

介紹了register和post;大家獲取還能想到一個詞sticky,在register中,如果sticky為true,會去stickyEvents去查找事件,然后立即去post;
那么這個stickyEvents何時進行保存事件呢?
其實evevntbus中,除了post發布事件,還有一個方法也可以:

public void postSticky(Object event) {
    synchronized (stickyEvents) {
        stickyEvents.put(event.getClass(), event);
    }
    // Should be posted after it is putted, in case the subscriber wants to remove immediately  
    post(event);
}

和post功能類似,但是會把方法存儲到stickyEvents中去;
大家再去看看EventBus中所有的public方法,無非都是一些狀態判斷,獲取事件,移除事件的方法;沒什么好介紹的,基本見名知意。

2016-9-7


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