學了不少東西,感覺自己的sql語句還是很不好,從基礎學起吧。
來一段sql腳本:
create database tongji go use tongji go create table student ( Sno varchar(20) not null primary key ,--學號 Sname varchar(20) not null,--學生姓名 Ssex varchar(20) not null, --學生性別 Sbirthday datetime,--學生出生年月 Class varchar(20)--學生所在班級 ) go create table teacher--老師 ( Tno varchar(20) not null primary key ,--教工編號(主碼) Tname varchar(20) not null,--教工姓名 Tsex varchar(20) not null, --教工性別 Tbirthday datetime,--教工出生年月 Prof varchar(20),--職稱 Depart varchar(20) not null--教工所在部門 ) go create table Course--課程 ( Cno varchar(20) not null primary key ,--課程號 Cname varchar(20) not null,--課程名稱 Tno varchar(20) not null references teacher(Tno), --教工編號(外碼) ) go create table Score--分數 ( Sno varchar(20) not null references student(Sno), --學號(外碼) Cno varchar(20) not null references Course(Cno), --課程號(外碼) primary key(Sno,Cno), Degree Decimal(4,1),--成績 )
開始寫練習sql語句:
-- 1.查詢Student表中的所有記錄的Sname、Ssex和Class列。 SELECT Sname,Ssex,Class FROM student --2.查詢教師所有的單位即不重復的Depart列。 SELECT DISTINCT depart FROM teacher --3.查詢Score表中成績在60到80之間的所有記錄。 SELECT * FROM Score WHERE degree BETWEEN 60 AND 80 --4.查詢Score表中成績為85,86或88的記錄。 select * from Score where degree in(85,86,88) --5.查詢Student表中“95031”班或性別為“女”的同學記錄。 select * from student where [class] ='95031' and Ssex='女' --6.以Class降序查詢Student表的所有記錄。 select * from student order by class desc --7.以Cno升序、Degree降序查詢Score表的所有記錄。 select * from Score order by cno,degree desc --8.查詢“95031”班的學生人數。 select COUNT(*) from student where Class='95031' --9. 查詢Score表中的最高分的學生學號和課程號。(子查詢或者排序) select Sno,Cno from Score where degree=(select MAX(degree) from score) --10.查詢每門課的平均成績。 select cno,AVG(degree) from Score group by Cno --11.查詢Score表中至少有5名學生選修的並以3開頭的課程的平均分數。 select AVG(degree) from Score where cno like'3%' group by Cno having COUNT(*)>=5 select Avg(degree) from Score group by Cno having COUNT(*)>=5 and Cno like'3%' --12.查詢分數大於70,小於90的Sno列。 select sno from Score where degree>70 and DEGREE<90 --13.查詢所有學生的Sname、Cno和Degree列。 select sname,cno,degree from score join student on score.sno = student.sno --14.查詢所有學生的Sno、Cname和Degree列。 select sno,cname,degree from score join course on score.cno=course.cno --15.查詢所有學生的Sname、Cname和Degree列。 select sname,cname,degree from score join student on student.sno=score.sno join course on score.cno = course.cno select sname,cname,degree from score,student,course where student.sno=score.sno and score.cno = course.cno
--16查詢“95033”班學生的平均分。
select AVG(degree) from Score where Sno in(select Sno from student where Class='95033')
-- 17.查詢選修“3-105”課程的成績高於“109”號同學成績的所有同學的記錄。
select * from Score where Cno='3-105' and DEGREE>(select DEGREE from Score where Sno='109' and Sno='3-105')
select * from Score where Cno='3-105' and DEGREE>(select MAX(DEGREE) from Score where Sno='109')
--18.查詢score中選學多門課程的同學中分數為非最高分成績的記錄。
select * from Score a where Sno in (select Sno from Score group by Sno having COUNT(*)>1) and DEGREE <(select MAX(DEGREE) from Score b where b.Cno=a.Cno)
--19查詢成績高於學號為“109”、課程號為“3-105”的成績的所有記錄。
select * from Score where DEGREE>(select DEGREE from Score where Sno='109' and Sno='3-105')
--20 查詢和學號為108的同學同年出生的所有學生的Sno、Sname和Sbirthday列。
select * from student where YEAR(Sbirthday) =(select YEAR(Sbirthday) from student where Sno='108')
--21. 查詢“張旭“教師任課的學生成績。
select * from Score where cno in (select cno from Course where Tno in(select Tno from teacher where Tname='張旭'))
--22.詢選修某課程的同學人數多於5人的教師姓名。
select tname from teacher where Tno in(select Tno from Course where Cno in(select Cno from Score group by Cno having COUNT(*)>=5))
--23.查詢95033班和95031班全體學生的記錄。
select * from student where Class in(95033,95031)
--24.查詢存在有85分以上成績的課程Cno.
select distinct cno from score where degree>85
-25查詢出“計算機系“教師所教課程的成績表。
select * from Score where Cno in(select Cno from Course where Tno in(select Tno from teacher where Depart='計算機系'))
--26.--查詢“計算機系”與“電子工程系“不同職稱的教師的Tname和Prof。
select tname,prof from teacher where depart='計算機系' and prof not in(select prof from teacher where depart='電子工程系')union
select tname,prof from teacher where Depart='電子工程系' and Prof not in(select Prof from teacher where Depart='計算機系')
select tname,Prof from teacher a where Prof not in(select Prof from teacher b where b.Depart!=a.Depart)
--27.查詢選修編號為“3-105“課程且成績至少高於選修編號為“3-245”的同學的Cno、Sno和Degree,並按Degree從高到低次序排序。
--sqlserver 中 修改比較運算符:All 、Any、Some 其中Some 和Any 等價 作用於比較運算符和子查詢之間 (https://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms187074(SQL.90).aspx)
select * from Score where Cno='3-105' and DEGREE>any(select DEGREE from Score where Cno='3-245')
----28、查詢選修編號為“3-105”且成績高於選修編號為“3-245”課程的同學的Cno、Sno和Degree.
select * from score where cno='3-105' and degree>any(select degree from score where cno='3-245')
--29、 查詢所有教師和同學的name、sex和birthday.
select sname,ssex,sbirthday from student
union
select tname,tsex,tbirthday from teacher
--30、查詢所有“女”教師和“女”同學的name、sex和birthday.
select sname,ssex,sbirthday from student where ssex='女'
union
select tname,tsex,tbirthday from teacher where tsex='女'
--31、 查詢成績比該課程平均成績低的同學的成績表。
select * from score a where degree<(select avg(degree) from score b where b.cno=a.cno)
--32、 查詢所有任課教師的Tname和Depart.
select tname,depart from teacher where tno in(select tno from course where cno in (select distinct cno from score))
--33 、 查詢所有未講課的教師的Tname和Depart.
select tname,depart from teacher where tno not in(select tno from course where cno in (select distinct cno from score))
--34、查詢至少有2名男生的班號。
select class from student where ssex='男' group by class having count(*) >1
--35、查詢Student表中不姓“王”的同學記錄。
select * from student where sname not like '王%'
--36、查詢Student表中每個學生的姓名和年齡。 YEAR(GETDATE())-YEAR(Sbirthday) 表示你的年齡
select sname,YEAR(getdate())-YEAR(sbirthday) from student
--37、查詢Student表中最大和最小的Sbirthday日期值。
select max(sbirthday),min(sbirthday) from student
--38、以班號和年齡從大到小的順序查詢Student表中的全部記錄。
select * from student order by class desc,sbirthday asc
--39、查詢“男”教師及其所上的課程。
elect cname from course where tno in(select tno from teacher where tsex='男')
select tname,cname from course,teacher where course.tno = teacher.tno and teacher.tsex='男'
--40、查詢最高分同學的Sno、Cno和Degree列。
select * from score where degree = (select max(degree) from score)
select top 1 * from score order by degree desc
--41、查詢和“李軍”同性別的所有同學的Sname.
select sname from student where ssex=(select ssex from student where sname='李軍')
--42、查詢和“李軍”同性別並同班的同學Sname.
select sname from student where ssex=(select ssex from student where sname='李軍') and class = (select class from student where sname='李軍')
--43、查詢所有選修“計算機導論”課程的“男”同學的成績表。
select * from score where sno in(select sno from student where ssex='男') and cno in(select cno from course where cname='計算機導論')