一、基本用法
只需要基本的配置,就可以使用了。
import logging def fun2(): logging.basicConfig(filename="fun2.log",format="%(asctime)s %(message)s",level=logging.DEBUG) logging.debug("this is fun2 log")
二、進行詳細配置
首先添加一個fileHandler來配置記錄的文件,Formatter來設置記錄的格式和時間的格式,getLogger是獲得一個指定名字記錄器,然后給這個logger添加handler,並設置記錄級別,然后可以用相應的級別進行記錄了。
import logging def fun1(): logname = "test.log" filehandler = logging.FileHandler(filename=logname,encoding="utf-8") fmter = logging.Formatter(fmt="%(asctime)s %(message)s",datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") filehandler.setFormatter(fmter) loger = logging.getLogger(__name__) loger.addHandler(filehandler) loger.setLevel(logging.FATAL) loger.fatal("second log")
其中Formatter配置參數fmt有如下可選參數
%(name)s Name of the logger (logging channel) %(levelno)s Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL) %(levelname)s Text logging level for the message ("DEBUG", "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL") %(pathname)s Full pathname of the source file where the logging call was issued (if available) %(filename)s Filename portion of pathname %(module)s Module (name portion of filename) %(lineno)d Source line number where the logging call was issued (if available) %(funcName)s Function name %(created)f Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time() return value) %(asctime)s Textual time when the LogRecord was created %(msecs)d Millisecond portion of the creation time %(relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created, relative to the time the logging module was loaded (typically at application startup time) %(thread)d Thread ID (if available) %(threadName)s Thread name (if available) %(process)d Process ID (if available) %(message)s The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as the record is emitted
以下皆轉自Python logging模塊詳解
三、額外說明
1 可供選擇的日志級別有
CRITICAL = 50 FATAL = CRITICAL ERROR = 40 WARNING = 30 WARN = WARNING INFO = 20 DEBUG = 10 NOTSET = 0
Logger.debug()、Logger.info()、Logger.warning()、Logger.error()、Logger.critical()輸出不同級別的日志,只有日志等級大於或等於設置的日志級別的日志才會被輸出。
2 Handler
Handler對象負責發送相關的信息到指定目的地,常用方法如下
Handler.setLevel(lel):指定日志級別,低於lel級別的日志將被忽略
Handler.setFormatter():給這個handler選擇一個Formatter
Handler.addFilter(filt)、Handler.removeFilter(filt):新增或刪除一個filter對象
可以通過addHandler()方法為Logger添加多個Handler
logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler 類似於上面的FileHandler,但是它可以管理文件大小。當文件達到一定大小之后,它會自動將當前日志文件改名,然后創建一個新的同名日志文件繼續輸出
logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler 和RotatingFileHandler類似,不過,它沒有通過判斷文件大小來決定何時重新創建日志文件,而是間隔一定時間就自動創建新的日志文件
logging.handlers.SocketHandler 使用TCP協議,將日志信息發送到網絡。
logging.handlers.DatagramHandler 使用UDP協議,將日志信息發送到網絡。
logging.handlers.SysLogHandler 日志輸出到syslog
logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler 遠程輸出日志到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件日志
logging.handlers.SMTPHandler 遠程輸出日志到郵件地址
logging.handlers.MemoryHandler 日志輸出到內存中的制定buffer
logging.handlers.HTTPHandler 通過"GET"或"POST"遠程輸出到HTTP服務器
各個Handler的具體用法可查看參考書冊:
https://docs.python.org/2/library/logging.handlers.html#module-logging.handlers