說明：因遇到“sqlplus / as sysdba”登錄oracle時遇到權限不足（ora-01031）錯誤；百度到以下資料，原文鏈接：
http://www.xifenfei.com/2011/11/sqlnet-authentication_services%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E.html
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES參數說明
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標題：SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES參數說明
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一、官方文檔說明
作用
Use the parameter SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES to
enable
one or
more
authentication services.
If authentication has been installed,
it is recommended that this parameter be
set
to either none or to one of the authentication methods.
默認值
None
一般可選值
NONE
for
no authentication methods. A valid username and password can be used to access the database.
ALL
for
all authentication methods
NTS
for
Windows NT native authentication(An authentication method that enables
a client single login access to a Windows NT server and a database running on the server)
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為了加深對這幾個參數的理解，通過實驗證明，這幾個參數在不同的系統中的作用
二、win系統
Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]
版權所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有權利。
C:\Windows\system32>e:
E:\>
cd
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN
#sqlnet.ora文件不存在情況
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>
dir
sqlnet.ora
驅動器 E 中的卷沒有標簽。
卷的序列號是 38D0-2A35
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN 的目錄
找不到文件
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 11月 11 22:13:57 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: 權限不足
請輸入用戶名:
#NTS情況
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>
more
sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=(NTS)
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 11月 11 22:16:20 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
連接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
#NONE情況
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>
more
sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=(NONE)
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 11月 11 22:17:18 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: 權限不足
請輸入用戶名:
#ALL情況
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>
more
sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=(ALL)
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 11月 11 22:18:02 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12641: 驗證服務無法初始化
請輸入用戶名:
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三、linux系統
[oracle@report ~]$
cd
/opt/oracle/product/10
.2.0
/db_1/network/admin/
#NTS情況
[oracle@report admin]$
more
sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NTS)
[oracle@report admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 11 22:03:51 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name:
#NONE情況
[oracle@report admin]$
more
sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NONE)
[oracle@report admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 11 22:04:31 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name:
#ALL情況
[oracle@report admin]$
more
sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (ALL)
[oracle@report admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 11 22:05:07 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
#不存在sqlnet.ora文件情況
[oracle@report admin]$ ll sqlnet.ora
ls
: sqlnet.ora: No such
file
or directory
[oracle@report admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 11 22:05:41 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
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四、補充說明
1、在win系統中使用all，提示ORA-12641，不是很清楚原因
2、在nts只有在win系統中有用，linux中無用
3、當不存在sqlnet.ora文件時，linux中可以正常登錄，win中不能